Manipulator-Free Versus Manipulator-Assisted Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: Are Outcomes Comparable in Experienced Hands?

22 January 2026 : Clinical Research

Baki Erdem^{ABF 1}, Sezgi Güllü Erciyestepe^{ABCEF 1*}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.949649

Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e949649

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Table 2 Intraoperative findings.

	Manipulator (+)Mean±SD	Manipulator (−)Mean±SD	P
Operation time (TLH)	79.59±26.07	76.61±25.16	0.259
Difference in preoperative and 24-h postoperative hemoglobin levels	0.74±0.47	0.76±0.50	0.484
Uterus weight	349.55±324.35	355.59±324.42	0.842
Conversion to laparatomy	–	–	–
Blood transfusion needed	3 (1.2)	1 (0.6)	0.650^a
Ureter injury (ureterovaginal fistula)	1 (0.4)	–	1.000^a
Bladder injury (vesicovaginal fistula)	–	1 (0.6)	0.405^a
Bowel injury	–	–	–
Vaginal injury	2 (0.8)	2 (1.2)	1.000^a
^a Fisher exact test.

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