10 January 2026 : Laboratory Research
Machine Learning Analysis of Retrospective Data From 503 Hospitalized Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes to Identify Factors Associated With Cognitive Impairment
Mingzhu Yu ABCDEFG 1,2*, Jianfeng Zhang A 1, Haigeng Chen A 3, Guiyue Li A 4DOI: 10.12659/MSM.949864
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e949864
Table 1 Comparative analysis of clinical profiles between patients with diabetes mellitus and those with diabetes mellitus with mild cognitive impairment.
| Category | Variable | DM (n=401)* | DMMCI (n=102)* | Statistic | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous variables | Age (years) | 74.63±5.05 | 80.11±5.18 | t=−9.58 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m) | 23.95±2.86 | 28.06±2.80 | t=−13.20 | <0.001 | |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 137.21±26.76 | 130.98±33.67 | t=1.73 | 0.085 | |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 81.51±9.23 | 80.33±7.87 | t=1.30 | 0.195 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.09±1.00 | 8.08±0.93 | t=−9.40 | <0.001 | |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.67±0.51 | 2.57±0.51 | t=1.76 | 0.080 | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.50±0.22 | 4.44±0.30 | t=1.97 | 0.051 | |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.45±0.15 | 1.48±0.19 | t=−1.49 | 0.139 | |
| CRP (mg/L) | 6.07±1.04 | 10.18±0.98 | t=−37.40 | <0.001 | |
| Cysteine (μmol/L) | 70.83±14.79 | 74.58±19.64 | t=−1.80 | 0.074 | |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.81±0.06 | 0.83±0.08 | t=−1.86 | 0.066 | |
| Waist-to-height ratio | 0.50±0.11 | 0.55±0.10 | t=−4.30 | <0.001 | |
| Categorical variables | Diabetic complications (yes) | 116 (28.9%) | 86 (84.3%) | χ=102.00 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes duration exceeding 5 years (yes) | 117 (29.2%) | 80 (78.4%) | χ=80.70 | <0.001 | |
| Low education (yes) | 310 (77.3%) | 32 (31.4%) | χ=76.70 | <0.001 | |
| Male sex (yes) | 206 (51.4%) | 47 (46.1%) | χ=0.71 | 0.399 | |
| Smoking/drinking history (yes) | 198 (49.4%) | 46 (45.1%) | χ=0.44 | 0.509 | |
| * Data are shown as mean±standard deviation or count (percentage). DM – diabetes mellitus; DMMCI – diabetes mellitus with mild cognitive impairment; BP – blood pressure; BMI – body mass index; HbA1c – glycated hemoglobin; CRP – C-reactive protein; LDL-C – low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. (Table created using R software, version 3.6.3, and formatted with the flextable package). | |||||