07 November 2025 : Review article
Facial Injectable Fillers in Aesthetic Medicine: Clinical Applications and Safety Strategies
Jie Liu A 1, Ming Gao EF 2, Huilin Hu CF 2, Hanyu Pang
BD 2, Yuyang Liu EF 2, Peng Zhang A 1*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.949944
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e949944
Table 1 Mechanism of action and duration of major soft tissue filler classes.
| Mechanism of action | Soft tissue filler | Approximate duration |
|---|---|---|
| Direct volume | HA | Temporary pure HA: 3–6 months HA conjugated to another polymer: 6–12 months |
| Direct volume and integration into host tissue | Autologous fat | Variable |
| PRP | Variable | |
| Secondary foreign-body host response | CaHA | Semi-permanent (2–5 years) |
| PLLA | Semi-permanent (up to 2 years) | |
| PMMA | Permanent | |
| PCL) | Semi-permanent (up to 2 years) | |
| Direct volume and secondary foreign-body host response | Silicone | Permanent |
| PLLA – poly-L-lactic acid; PRP – platelet-rich plasma; CaHA – calcium hydroxylapatite; PMMA – polymethyl methacrylate; PCL – polycaprolactone. | ||