Effects of Self-Myofascial Release and Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises on Pain, Balance, Muscle Function, and the Autonomic Nervous System in Women with Chronic Low Back Pain

25 September 2025 : Clinical Research

JeongHyeok Song^{ABCDEF 1}, JongEun Yim^{ABCDEF 1*}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.949985

Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e949985

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Table 7 Changes in KODI before and after the intervention (N=40).

		Experimental group (n=20)	Control group (n=20)	Group×timeF(p)
KODI (%)	Before	24.75±1.74^a	24.15±1.84	5.412 (<0.05)
	After	16.80±1.64	17.85±1.30
	Difference	7.95±2.43	6.30±2.02
	t(p)	14.582 (0.000)	13.888 (0.000)
KODI – Korean Oswestry Disability Index. ^a Mean±standard deviation.

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