Surface Electromyography Characteristics of Pelvic Floor Muscles in Healthy Women, Pelvic Floor Dyssynergia, and Urinary Incontinence: A Retrospective Comparative Study

Martyna Kasper-Jędrzejewska; Kuba Ptaszkowski; Tomasz Rutkowski; Tomasz Halski

doi:10.12659/MSM.950086

12 December 2025 : Database Analysis

Surface Electromyography Characteristics of Pelvic Floor Muscles in Healthy Women, Pelvic Floor Dyssynergia, and Urinary Incontinence: A Retrospective Comparative Study

Martyna Kasper-Jędrzejewska

^{ABDEF 1*}, Kuba Ptaszkowski

^{CDE 2}, Tomasz Rutkowski

^{BDE 3}, Tomasz Halski

^{DEF 4}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.950086

Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e950086

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Table 3 Medians and 95% confidence intervals (2.5%–97.5%) of normalized surface electromyography (sEMG) amplitude values (percentage of maximum voluntary contraction, %MVC) during baseline rest, rapid contractions, tonic contractions, post-tonic relaxation, endurance contraction, and post-endurance relaxation in 3 groups: dyssynergia (DS), urinary incontinence (UI), and healthy controls (H). Standardized regression coefficients for age and body mass index (BMI) are provided, along with pairwise group comparisons.

	60-Second baseline rest			Rapid contractions			Tonic contractions
	Median	2.5%	97.5%	Median	2.5%	97.5%	Median	2.5%	97.5%
Beta
H	22.28	16.90	27.96	58.13	51.96	64.83	62.18	57.22	67.12
DS	15.13	7.29	23.29	47.71	41.87	53.52	54.81	46.39	62.95
UI	19.56	13.29	25.59	52.62	46.92	58.80	51.83	46.19	57.31
Age (Z)	1.47	−2.40	5.69	3.02	−1.15	7.33	1.25	−2.51	5.00
BMI (Z)	1.89	−2.27	6.39	0.08	−3.89	4.00	0.93	−3.03	5.20
Sigma
H	11.14	8.82	14.17	14.53	11.04	19.71	10.51	8.04	14.13
DS	11.79	7.93	18.49	8.16	5.31	13.56	11.81	7.67	19.23
UI	12.79	9.56	17.59	11.96	8.39	17.49	11.26	8.11	16.27
Pairwise comparisons
DS_H	−7.10	−16.57	2.35	−10.49	−19.46	−1.86	−7.41	−17.11	2.04
DS_UI	−4.50	−14.60	6.27	−5.01	−13.85	3.51	2.87	−7.01	13.26
H_UI	2.67	−6.25	11.80	5.57	−3.53	14.68	10.36	2.67	18.48


Beta
H	23.03	17.74	28.77	56.33	50.40	62.21	20.07	14.62	26.17
DS	19.29	11.84	27.13	45.18	35.34	54.66	16.45	5.99	28.04
UI	22.96	17.45	28.58	51.13	44.22	57.62	22.33	15.93	28.69
Age (Z)	−0.92	−4.65	3.13	0.88	−3.82	5.55	0.08	−3.85	4.42
BMI (Z)	2.32	−1.56	6.35	−0.60	−5.41	5.02	1.48	−2.87	6.19
Sigma
H	11.17	8.89	14.20	12.39	9.41	16.73	11.48	9.02	14.59
DS	11.32	7.63	17.84	14.52	9.65	23.72	16.54	10.87	26.30
UI	11.32	8.48	15.47	12.84	8.98	19.16	12.80	9.37	18.13
Pairwise comparisons
DS_H	−3.79	−13.02	5.76	−11.04	−22.69	−0.15	−3.65	−15.41	9.09
DS_UI	−3.65	−13.53	6.18	−5.92	−17.82	5.91	−5.89	−18.39	7.65
H_UI	0.10	−8.03	8.49	5.16	−4.28	15.18	−2.19	−11.39	7.15

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Surface Electromyography Characteristics of Pelvic Floor Muscles in Healthy Women, Pelvic Floor Dyssynergia, and Urinary Incontinence: A Retrospective Comparative Study

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