26 January 2026 : Clinical Research
The Relationship of Poor Posture While Using Electronic Devices and Periscapular Shoulder Pain
Waleed Albishi
ABEF 1, Laila Alsabbagh ABEF 1*, Abdulrahman Alaseem ABCE 1, Hamza M. Alrabai BCDF 1, Ibrahim Alshaygy BCDE 1, Hisham A. Alsanawi BDEF 1
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.950269
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e950269
Table 4 Mean American Shoulder and Elbow Score (ASES) score.
| Mean ASES score (SD) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 68.5 (15.68) | <.001 |
| Female | 58.42 (15.62) | ||
| Marital status | Single | 66.7 (14.1) | <.001 |
| Married | 59.7 (16.97) | ||
| Occupation | Student | 65.86 (11.3) | <.001 |
| Employee | 64.82 (16.5) | ||
| Retired | 55.74 (16.2) | ||
| Housewife | 55.15 (15.9) | ||
| Not working | 67.16 (16.4) | ||
| Job nature | Office work | 68.22 (14) | =.003 |
| Field work | 59.17 (20.8) | ||
| Office and field work | 61.2 (16.4) | ||
| Not working | 59.4 (14.96) | ||
| Work requiring over-head activities | Yes | 58.59 (17.17) | =.021 |
| No | 63.69 (16.44) | ||
| In which position do you prefer reading or finishing paperwork? | I prefer sitting on chair at a desk | 63.88 (15.9) | =0.1 |
| I prefer sitting on sofa or bed | 60.46 (15.04) | ||
| I prefer lying on sofa or bed | 59.15 (19.31) | ||
| Usual posture while sitting behind a desk, Figure 1 | Posture 1 | 62.86 (16.26) | =.259 |
| Posture 2 | 64.62 (15.35) | ||
| Posture 3 | 61.84 (15.69) | ||
| Posture 4 | 59.16 (18.16) | ||
| Usual posture when using phone while walking/standing, Figure 2 | Posture 1 | 60.41 (15.78) | =.243 |
| Posture 2 | 62.84 (16.57) | ||
| Pain at night | Yes | 56.6 (14.79) | <.001 |
| No | 69.65 (15.41) |