13 December 2025 : Database Analysis
Assessment of Cervical Vertebral Maturation and Chronological Age in Yemeni Children and Adolescents Using Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs
Abdulmalik Abdul Rahman Al Sabry ABCE 1*, Fuad Lutf Almotareb ABE 1, Ramy Abdul Rahman Ishaq ACE 1, Abdulhamid Al Ghwainem
EFG 2, Adel S. Alqarni DFG 2, Bandar Yahya Alshehri DEG 3, Thiyezen Abdullah AlDhelai DFG 4, Fadi Abdul Allah Al Eryani AB 1, Mohammed M. Al Moaleem CDE 5, Bandar M.A. Al Makramani DE 5
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.950470
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e950470
Table 1 Description of cervical vertebral maturation based on Baccetti et al method, adapted from Baccetti et al [17,27].
| Cervical vertebral maturation stage (CS) | Description |
|---|---|
| CS1 | The inferior borders of the second, third, and fourth cervical vertebrae (C2, C3, and C4) are flat.The body shape of C3 and C4 is trapezoid (the upper part of the vertebral body is tapered from posterior to anterior)On average, the peak growth of the mandible will occur 2 years after this phase |
| CS2 | There is a concavity in the inferior border of C2The bodies of (C3 and C4) keep on trapezoidalThe peak in mandibular growth will occur on average 1 year after this stage |
| CS3 | Both C2 and C3 exhibit a concave shape along the inferior border of their bodiesThe bodies of C3 and C4 can have either a rectangular or trapezoidal formThe growth peak of the mandible is expected in the year after this stage |
| CS4 | Concavities are present in the inferior border of C2, C3, and C4The shape of the bodies of C3 and C4 is a horizontal rectangleThe growth peak of the mandible is expected to occur within 1 or 2 years before this stage |
| CS5 | Concavities are observed along the inferior borders of the C2, C3, and C4 vertebrae. At least 1 of the bodies of C3 and C4 is square. If neither is squared, the body of the other cervical vertebra is still horizontally rectangularThe peak of mandibular growth has concluded at least 1 year before this stage |
| CS6 | The concavities at the inferior borders of (C2, C3, and C4) remain prominentAt least 1 of the C3 or C4 vertebrae has a vertically rectangular shape. If neither exhibits a vertical rectangular shape, then the other cervical vertebra has a square shapeThe peak of mandibular growth has concluded at least 2 years before this stage |