Low-Intensity Blood Flow-Restricted Multi-Joint Exercise Improves Muscle Function in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Trial

29 January 2026 : Clinical Research

Jejeong Lee^{BCE 1}, Hyeokhyeon Kwon^{ABCDE 1}, Yongwoo Lee

^{ACD 2*}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.950516

Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e950516

Authors information Article notes Copyright and License information

Introduction Material and Methods Results Discussion Conclusions References

Related articles Order reprints Share article Share by email

View HTML version

Table 7 Comparison of pre–post changes in muscle stiffness within and between groups.

Variable (N/m)	Group	Pre	Post	Change	t(P)	t(P)b
Rectus femoris	EG	203.63±36.55a	235.24±27.98	31.60±18.14	7.790 (0.001)^*	0.448 (0.656)
Rectus femoris	CG	199.89±61.56	226.06±34.58	26.17±50.94	2.239 (0.038)^*	0.448 (0.656)
Vastus medialis	EG	188.59±50.97	215.93±49.05	25.82±9.83	5.015 (0.001)^*	5.384 (0.001)^*
Vastus medialis	CG	186.90±45.54	198.34±45.32	11.80±5.81	5.302 (0.001)^*	5.384 (0.001)^*
Vastus lateralis	EG	269.30±47.32^a	307.79±72.76^a	38.49±48.85	3.524 (0.002)^*	1.822 (0.077)
Vastus lateralis	CG	273.42±34.91	288.29±53.47	14.86±29.11	2.226 (0.039)^*	1.822 (0.077)
Semitendinosus	EG	218.08±36.77	239.16±36.03	21.08±10.38	9.079 (0.001)^*	3.471 (0.001)^*
Semitendinosus	CG	224.26±45.53	235.47± 47.80	11.20±6.94	7.036 (0.001)^*	3.471 (0.001)^*
Biceps femoris	EG	227.96±42.49	243.39±40.47	15.43±17.23	4.005 (0.001)^*	1.245 (0.221)
Biceps femoris	CG	220.46±42.21	229.77±53.17	9.31±3.00	3.096 (0.006)^*	1.245 (0.221)
^a Mean±standard deviation; ^b -value for the difference in pre–post change between groups; ^* EG – experimental group; CG – control group.

Back to the Article