23 December 2025 : Clinical Research
Body Weight and Range of Motion as Predictors of Trunk Asymmetry in Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Prospective Functional Assessment
Ewa Gajewska
ABCDEF 1*, Aleksandra Bieniaszewska ABE 1, Magdalena Sobieska CDE 2
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.950590
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e950590
Table 3 The values of neutral position (mean±SD) of the investigated joints for patients with spinal muscular atrophy divided according to functional status. If the neutral position is equal to zero, no data is given. For walkers only, min–max values are provided due to the low number. The difference between the first and second examinations was calculated using the Wilcoxon test; z and P values are shown.
| Parameter – NP (neutral position) | Examination | Non-sitters, n=9 | Sitters, n=23 | Walkers, n=6; min–max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AF-R | First | −6±15 | 8±7 | 2–14 |
| Second | −18±20 | 10±8 | −1–12 | |
| Difference 1 vs 2 examination | −1.17; 0.253 | 0.62; 0.562 | ||
| AF-L | First | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Second | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Difference 1 vs 2 examination | -- | -- | -- | |
| AB-R | First | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Second | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Difference 1 vs 2 examination | -- | -- | -- | |
| AB-L | First | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Second | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Difference 1 vs 2 examination | -- | -- | -- | |
| EF-R | First | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Second | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Difference 1 vs 2 examination | -- | -- | -- | |
| EF-L | First | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Second | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Difference 1 vs 2 examination | -- | -- | -- | |
| FS-R | First | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Second | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Difference 1 vs 2 examination | -- | -- | -- | |
| FS-L | First | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Second | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Difference 1 vs 2 examination | -- | -- | -- | |
| HF-R | First | 19±12 | 20±18 | 0 |
| Second | 22±14 | 28±19 | 0 | |
| Difference 1 vs 2 examination | −0.69; 0.507 | -- | ||
| HF-L | First | 20±11 | 24±19 | 0 |
| Second | 27±16 | 29±20 | 0 | |
| Difference 1 vs 2 examination | 1.26; 0.208 | 1.35; 0.178 | -- | |
| KF-R | First | 42±20 | 42±24 | 2–6 |
| Second | 47±17 | 50±28 | 3–6 | |
| Difference 1 vs 2 examination | −1.10; 0.302 | −1.58; 0.175 | ||
| KF-L | First | 36±18 | 38±23 | 3–6 |
| Second | 43±18 | 47±27 | 4–8 | |
| Difference 1 vs 2 examination | −2.13; 0.065 | −1.51; 0.191 | ||
| ADF-R | First | −29±25 | −3±8 | −15–15 |
| Second | −30±15 | −3±8 | −10–20 | |
| Difference 1 vs 2 examination | 0.56; 0.575 | 0.14; 0.889 | 0.94; 0.345 | |
| ADF-L | First | −23±16 | −2±7 | −4–4 |
| Second | −29±15 | −5±11 | −12-10 | |
| Difference 1 vs 2 examination | 1.12; 0.295 | 1.27; 0.216 | 1.06; 0.335 | |
| NP – neutral position; AF-L – left arm flexion; AF-R – right arm flexion; AB-R – right arm abduction; AB-L – left arm abduction; EF-R – right elbow flexion; EF-L – left elbow flexion; FS-R – right forearm supination; FS-L – left forearm supination; HF-R – right hip flexion; HF-L – left hip flexion; KF-R – right knee flexion; KF-L – left knee flexion; ADF-L – left ankle; ADF-R – right ankle. | ||||