26 November 2025 : Database Analysis
Long-Term Outcomes of Anticoagulation Monotherapy Versus Combination Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation Patients with Complex Coronary Artery Disease
Wei-Chieh Lee ABCDG 1,2*, Wei-Ting Chang F 1,2, Chon-Seng Hong B 2, Chih-Hsien Lin B 2, Chun-Yen Chiang
B 2, Pei-Chieh Huang B 2, Zhih-Cherng Chen BF 1,2, Jhih-Yuan Shih B 1,2, Hsiu-Yu Fang EF 3,4
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.950655
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e950655
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study patients.
| Monotherapy Group (n=32) | Dual-therapy Group (n=24) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 76±9.6 | 75±7.7 | 0.869 |
| Male sex (%) | 22 (68.8) | 20 (83.3) | 0.350 |
| Indication of PCI | 0.623 | ||
| Stable angina (%) | 12 (37.5) | 12 (50.0) | |
| Unstable angina (%) | 9 (28.1) | 6 (25.0) | |
| NSTEMI or STEMI (%) | 11 (34.4) | 6 (25.0) | |
| Hypertension (%) | 21 (65.6) | 13 (54.2) | 0.420 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 15 (46.9) | 10 (41.7) | 0.789 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 24 (75.0) | 13 (54.2) | 0.154 |
| Prior stroke (%) | 8 (25.0) | 3 (12.5) | 0.319 |
| Prior MI (%) | 1 (3.1) | 3 (12.5) | 0.303 |
| Prior CABG (%) | 2 (6.3) | 2 (8.3) | 0.765 |
| PAOD (%) | 3 (9.4) | 3 (12.5) | 0.708 |
| Heart failure (%) | 10 (31.3) | 11 (45.8) | 0.282 |
| CKD (%) | 5 (18.8) | 4 (16.7) | 0.840 |
| VHD (%) | 1 (3.1) | 2 (8.3) | 0.571 |
| Peptic ulcer (%) | 3 (9.4) | 2 (8.3) | 0.892 |
| Mean SYNTAX score | 27.6±10.3 | 27.9±9.3 | 0.941 |
| Left main disease (%) | 8 (25.0) | 6 (25.0) | 1.000 |
| Chronic total occlusion (%) | 3 (9.4) | 6 (25.0) | 0.151 |
| Number of stents used | 2.2±1.0 | 2.0±1.0 | 0.671 |
| 0.430 | |||
| Paroxysmal (%) | 17 (53.1) | 10 (41.7) | |
| Non-paroxysmal (%) | 15 (46.9) | 14 (58.3) | |
| Laboratory data | |||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.18±0.35 | 1.12±0.26 | 0.491 |
| ACEI/ARB/Entresto (%) | 30 (93.8) | 21 (87.5) | 0.642 |
| β-blocker (%) | 31 (96.9) | 20 (83.3) | 0.153 |
| High-intensity statin (%) | 22 (68.8) | 15 (62.5) | 0.777 |
| Long-term PPI (%) | 1 (3.1) | 3 (12.5) | 0.303 |
| Anti-coagulant | 0.155 | ||
| Warfarin (%) | 3 (9.4) | 2 (8.3) | |
| Dabigatran (%) | 3 (9.4) | 6 (25.0) | |
| Rivaroxaban (%) | 10 (31.3) | 11 (45.8) | |
| Apixaban (%) | 7 (21.9) | 1 (4.2) | |
| Edoxaban (%) | 9 (28.1) | 4 (16.7) | |
| 4.3±1.5 | 4.0±1.4 | 0.559 | |
| 2.2±1.1 | 1.9±0.9 | 0.288 | |
| LA dimension (mm) | 42.0±6.7 | 42.3±7.7 | 0.901 |
| Mean LVEF (%) | 61.1±17.7 | 59.6±15.2 | 0.736 |
| 3.4±2.0 | 4.9±2.1 | 0.010 | |
| Data are expressed as mean±standard deviation or median (interquartile range) or as number (percentage). PCI – percutaneous coronary intervention; NSTEMI – non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI – ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; MI – myocardial infarction; CABG – coronary artery bypass grafting; PAOD – peripheral artery occlusive disease; CKD – chronic kidney disease; VHD – valvular heart disease; CAD – coronary artery disease; ACEI – angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB – angiotensin receptor blocker; PPI – proton pump inhibitor; LA – left atrial; LVEF – left ventricular ejection fraction. | |||