18 December 2025 : Clinical Research
Optimizing Nivolumab Efficacy: The Role of Dosing Time in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Mustafa Ersoy
ABEF 1*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.950963
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e950963
Table 1 Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients according to nivolumab administration time.
| Variables | Categories | Before 1 PM (n=30) | After 1 PM (n=24) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Female | 2 (6.7%) | 4 (16.7%) | 0.468 |
| Male | 28 (93.3%) | 20 (83.3%) | ||
| ECOG PS | 0 | 8 (26.7%) | 3 (12.5%) | 0.395 |
| 1 | 18 (60.0%) | 16 (66.7%) | ||
| 2 | 4 (13.3%) | 5 (20.8%) | ||
| Brain metastasis | Absent | 17 (56.7%) | 15 (62.5%) | 0.877 |
| Present | 13 (43.3%) | 9 (37.5%) | ||
| Contralateral lung metastasis | Absent | 22 (73.3%) | 14 (58.3%) | 0.384 |
| Present | 8 (26.7%) | 10 (41.7%) | ||
| Liver metastasis | Absent | 16 (53.3%) | 15 (62.5%) | 0.689 |
| Present | 14 (46.7%) | 9 (37.5%) | ||
| Adrenal gland metastasis | Absent | 15 (50.0%) | 13 (54.2%) | 0.976 |
| Present | 15 (50.0%) | 11 (45.8%) | ||
| Bone metastasis | Absent | 17 (56.7%) | 13 (54.2%) | 1.000 |
| Present | 13 (43.3%) | 11 (45.8%) | ||
| Pleural metastasis | Absent | 11 (36.7%) | 9 (37.5%) | 1.000 |
| Present | 19 (63.3%) | 15 (62.5%) | ||
| Distant lymph node metastasis | Absent | 24 (80.0%) | 21 (87.5%) | 0.713 |
| Present | 6 (20.0%) | 3 (12.5%) | ||
| Other metastasis | Absent | 25 (83.3%) | 21 (87.5%) | 0.966 |
| Present | 5 (16.7%) | 3 (12.5%) | ||
| Pathological diagnosis | Adenocarcinoma | 15 (50.0%) | 9 (37.5%) | 0.520 |
| Squamous | 15 (50.0%) | 15 (62.5%) | ||
| Smoking status | Never smoker | 6 (20.0%) | 4 (16.7%) | 0.946 |
| Ex-smoker | 14 (46.7%) | 12 (50.0%) | ||
| Active smoker | 10 (33.3%) | 8 (33.3%) | ||
| Immune-related adverse events | Present | 4 (13.3%) | 6 (25.0%) | 0.457 |
| Absent | 26 (86.7%) | 18 (75.0%) | ||
| Status | Deceased | 21 (70.0%) | 17 (70.8%) | 1.000 |
| Alive | 9 (30.0%) | 7 (29.2%) | ||
| Lung radiotherapy | Not received | 20 (66.7%) | 15 (62.5%) | 0.975 |
| Received | 10 (33.3%) | 9 (37.5%) | ||
| ECOG – Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status. Comparisons between groups (nivolumab administration before vs after 1 PM) were performed using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables. A value | ||||