Review of the Effects of Anesthetic Techniques and Medications on the Immune Response During the Perioperative Period

24 March 2026 : Review article

Paweł Radkowski

^{ABCDEFG 1,2,3}, Marta Joanna Pisula

^{ABCDEF 4}, Dawid Kamil Malicki

^{ABCDEF 5}, Maciej Szewczyk

^{ABCDEF 6*}, Karolina Marczuk

^{ABCDEF 7}, Mateusz Mamala

^{ABCDEF 8}, Łukasz Grabarczyk

^{ABCDEFG 9}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951077

Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951077

Authors information Article notes Copyright and License information

Introduction The Immune System’s Structure and Functions Activation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Response to Surgical Injury General Anesthesia as a Modulator of the Inflammatory and Immune Response in Surgical Patients Immunomodulatory Mechanisms of Action of General Anesthesia Methodological Considerations and Limitations Effects of Inhalation Anesthetics on the Immune System Controversial Findings and Interpretative Variability Conclusions Future Directions References

Related articles Order reprints Share article Share by email

View HTML version

Table 1 Immunoglobulin classes [10].

Immunoglobulin classes (Ig)	Main properties
IgG	Most abundant in serum, provides long-term immunity, neutralizes pathogens
IgA	Found in mucous secretions (saliva, tears, etc), protects mucous membranes, commonly deficient in partial immunodeficiencies
IgM	The first antibody produced in the immune response, provides early defense
IgE	Involved in allergic reactions, important for anti-parasitic immunity
IgD	Involved in the activation of B lymphocytes
Source: own.

Back to the Article