13 February 2026 : Clinical Research
Validity and Reliability of the Thai Version of the Delirium Diagnostic Tool-Provisional (DDT-Pro-TH) in Perioperative Patients With Fragility Hip Fractures
Panuwat Sinthunyathum ABCDEF 1, Ekasame Vanitcharoenkul
ACDEF 2, Aasis Unnanuntana ACDE 2, Paula T. Trzepacz ADE 3, Pojchong Chotiyarnwong ACDEFG 2,4*, Jose G. Franco ACDEF 5
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951143
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951143
Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with fragility hip fracture, stratified by delirium status, with groupwise comparisons.
| Patient characteristics | Total (N=110) | Delirium (n=13) | Non-delirium (n=97) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex: Female, n (%) | 88 (80.0%) | 11 (84.6%) | 77 (79.4%) | 1.000 |
| Age (years), mean±SD | 77.6±7.1 | 83.1±6.0 | 76.9±7.0 | 0.003 |
| Length of stay (days), mean±SD | 11.6±6.8 | 13.8±5.3 | 11.9±6.5 | 0.309 |
| Time from admission to surgery (days), mean±SD | 1.8±0.9 | 1.9±0.6 | 1.9±1.4 | 0.843 |
| Fracture characteristics, n (%): | ||||
| – Intertrochanter | 50 (45.5%) | 4 (30.8%) | 46 (47.4%) | 0.375 |
| – Femoral neck | 60 (54.4%) | 9 (69.2%) | 51 (52.6%) | |
| Operation, n (%): | ||||
| – Fixation | 50 (45.5%) | 4 (30.8%) | 46 (47.4%) | 0.375 |
| – Arthroplasty | 60 (54.5%) | 9 (69.2%) | 51 (52.6%) | |
| Pre-injury ambulatory status, n (%): | ||||
| – Nonfunctional ambulator | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0.053 |
| – Ambulator, dependent on physical assistance – level I (requires continuous manual contact to support body weight) | 2 (1.8%) | 1 (7.7%) | 1 (1.0%) | |
| – Ambulator, dependent on physical assistance – level II (requires intermittent or continuous light touch) | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.0%) | |
| – Ambulator, dependent on supervision (can ambulate on level surface without manual contact from another person but requires close visual monitoring) | 22 (20.0%) | 6 (46.2%) | 16 (16.5%) | |
| – Ambulator, independent level surface only (can independently ambulate on level surface but requires supervision) | 23 (20.9%) | 3 (23.1%) | 20 (20.6%) | |
| – Ambulator, independent (can walk everywhere independently) | 61 (55.5%) | 3 (23.1%) | 58 (59.8%) | |
| Education level, n (%): | ||||
| – Primary school or lower | 66 (60.0%) | 9 (69.2%) | 57 (58.8%) | 0.759 |
| – Secondary school or diploma | 20 (18.2%) | 2 (15.4%) | 18 (18.6%) | |
| – Bachelor’s degree or higher | 24 (21.8%) | 2 (15.4%) | 22 (22.7%) | |
| Ambulatory assisting device, n (%): | ||||
| – None | 67 (60.9%) | 8 (61.5%) | 59 (60.8%) | 0.052 |
| – Cane | 29 (26.4%) | 3 (23.1%) | 26 (26.8%) | |
| – Walker | 13 (11.8%) | 1 (7.7%) | 12 (12.4%) | |
| – Wheelchair | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (7.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
| SD – standard deviation. | ||||