31 December 2025 : Clinical Research
Unethical Leadership in Critical Care Teams Can Increase Burnout Among Healthcare Professionals
Marcin Muża
ABCDEF 1,2*, Alicja Kalemba CDEF 1,3, Paweł Radkowski DEF 4,5,6, Łukasz Grabarczyk EF 7
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951155
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e951155
Table 1 Self-designed questionnaire.
| Item number | Please indicate to what extent the following statements describe your experience of working with a critically ill patient | 1= I fully disagree | 2= I don’t agree | 3= Neutral | 4= I agree | 5= I fully agree |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1 | I often hear: Hurry up! Faster! | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| IT2 | I often hear vulgar words (eg, ‘fuck’) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| IT3 | The leader waves his/her hands when things don’t go his/her way | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| IT4 | The leader throws things when he/she feels like something isn’t working | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| IT5 | The leader issues many orders that cannot be carried out simultaneously | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| IT6 | The leader shouts: Where is…?! Someone bring…! | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| IT7 | The leader speaks in a calm voice | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| IT8 | When giving orders, the leader indicates a specific person | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| IT9 | The leaders do not reveal their negative emotions | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| IT10 | I am being blamed by the leader for something not working properly | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |