03 April 2026 : Clinical Research
Risk Factors for Upper Urinary Tract Stone Recurrence: A Retrospective Study of 247 Patients
Tong Wu BCDEF 1,2, Chiyu Zhao BCD 2, Shiyu Mao
AD 2*, Haimin Zhang ADG 1,2
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951175
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951175
Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients.
| Variables | Recurrence (n=133) | Non-recurrence (n=114) | χ2 value | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7.598 | 0.006 | |||
| Male | 98 (73.6) | 65 (57.0) | ||
| Female | 35 (26.4) | 49 (43.0) | ||
| 0.158 | 0.691 | |||
| <60 | 78 (58.6) | 64 (56.1) | ||
| ≥60 | 55 (41.4) | 50 (43.9) | ||
| 1.154 | 0.562 | |||
| <24 | 56 (42.1) | 50 (43.9) | ||
| 24–28 | 49 (36.8) | 46 (40.3) | ||
| ≥28 | 28 (21.1) | 18 (15.8) | ||
| 46 (24.6) | 42 (36.8) | 0.136 | 0.712 | |
| 19 (14.3) | 24 (21.0) | 1.955 | 0.162 | |
| 0.445 | 0.800 | |||
| Kidney | 15 (11.3) | 12 (10.5) | ||
| Ureter | 87 (65.4) | 79 (69.3) | ||
| Kidney and ureter | 31 (23.3) | 23 (20.2) | ||
| 4.628 | 0.099 | |||
| Left | 67 (50.4) | 46 (40.3) | ||
| Right | 44 (33.1) | 53 (46.5) | ||
| Both | 22 (16.5) | 15 (13.2) | ||
| 33 (24.8) | 31 (27.2) | 0.181 | 0.670 | |
| 33 (24.8) | 43 (37.7) | 4.801 | 0.028 | |
| 0.287 | ||||
| URSL | 106 (79.7) | 92 (80.7) | ||
| fURSL | 12 (9.0) | 14 (12.3) | ||
| PCNL | 15 (11.3) | 7 (6.1) | ||
| LU | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | ||
| 2.452 | 0.117 | |||
| <8.2 | 96 (72.2) | 92 (80.7) | ||
| ≥8.2 | 37 (27.8) | 22 (19.3) | ||
| 2.005 | 0.157 | |||
| <9.5 | 115 (86.5) | 105 (92.1) | ||
| ≥9.5 | 18 (13.5) | 9 (7.9) | ||
| 0.065 | 0.799 | |||
| <350 | 125 (94.0) | 108 (94.7) | ||
| ≥350 | 8 (6.0) | 6 (5.3) | ||
| 4.481 | 0.034 | |||
| <505.84 | 41 (30.8) | 50 (43.9) | ||
| ≥505.84 | 92 (69.2) | 64 (56.1) | ||
| 6.061 | 0.014 | |||
| <1.97 | 29 (21.8) | 41 (36.0) | ||
| ≥1.97 | 104 (78.2) | 73 (64.0) | ||
| 1.975 | 0.160 | |||
| <164.14 | 82 (61.6) | 80 (70.2) | ||
| ≥164.14 | 51 (38.4) | 34 (29.8) | ||
| 7.528 | 0.006 | |||
| <5.178 | 104 (78.2) | 71 (62.3) | ||
| ≥5.178 | 29 (21.8) | 43 (37.7) | ||
| 6.519 | 0.011 | |||
| <0.0202 | 71 (53.4) | 79 (69.3) | ||
| ≥0.0202 | 62 (46.6) | 35 (30.7) | ||
| 6.089 | 0.014 | |||
| <0.73 | 32 (24.1) | 44 (38.6) | ||
| ≥0.73 | 101 (75.9) | 70 (61.4) | ||
| 10.850 | <0.001 | |||
| <6.50 | 102 (76.7) | 65 (57.0) | ||
| ≥6.50 | 31 (23.3) | 49 (43.0) | ||
| 10.926 | <0.001 | |||
| <65.5 | 27 (20.3) | 45 (39.5) | ||
| ≥65.5 | 106 (79.7) | 69 (60.5) | ||
| 5.500 | 0.019 | |||
| <389.5 | 63 (47.4) | 71 (62.3) | ||
| ≥389.5 | 70 (52.6) | 43 (37.7) | ||
| 0.952 | 0.329 | |||
| <2.55 | 125 (94.0) | 111 (97.4) | ||
| ≥2.55 | 8 (6.0) | 3 (2.6) | ||
| 0.775 | 0.379 | |||
| <1.45 | 129 (97.0) | 107 (93.9) | ||
| ≥1.45 | 4 (3.0) | 7 (6.1) | ||
| 0.147 | ||||
| <1 | 128 (96.2) | 113 (99.1) | ||
| ≥1 | 5 (3.8) | 1 (0.9) | ||
| 3.694 | 0.055 | |||
| Negative | 98 (73.7) | 71 (62.3) | ||
| Positive | 35 (26.3) | 43 (37.7) | ||
| 0.154 | ||||
| Negative | 130 (97.7) | 114 (100.0) | ||
| Positive | 3 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 0.445 | ||||
| Negative | 109 (81.9) | 89 (78.1) | ||
| Positive | 24 (18.1) | 25 (21.9) | ||
| 1.076 | 0.300 | |||
| Negative | 119 (89.5) | 97 (85.1) | ||
| Positive | 14 (10.5) | 17 (14.9) | ||
| 0.001 | 0.981 | |||
| Negative | 27 (20.3) | 23 (20.2) | ||
| Positive | 106 (79.7) | 91 (79.8) | ||
| Data are expressed as n (%). BMI – body mass index; URSL – ureteroscopic lithotripsy; fURSL – flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy; PCNL – percutaneous nephrolithotomy; LU – laparoscopic ureterolithotomy; CRP – C-reactive protein; WBC – white blood cell; Plt – platelet; SII – systemic immune-inflammation index; NLR – neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR – platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; LMR – lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; NPR – neutrophil-to-platelet ratio; SIRI – systemic inflammation response index; CALLY Index – C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index; Scr – serum creatinine; Ca – calcium; P – phosphorus; Mg – magnesium. | ||||