28 May 2026 : Clinical Research
Social Support and Self-Acceptance in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital in a Cross-Sectional Study
Jie Peng ABCDEF 1, Yina Wang BDF 2, Xu Chen CE 3, Ying Wang BEF 4, Jiaqing Lu BCE 5, Yongning Dong ACEF 1*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951546
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951546
Table 1 Disease-related information for patients with diabetic retinopathy (n=307).
| Item | Variable | n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 1–5 years | 77 (25.1) |
| 6–10 years | 128 (41.7) | |
| 11–20 years | 70 (22.8) | |
| >20 years | 32 (10.4) | |
| HbA1c | Normal | 37 (12.1) |
| Abnormal | 270 (87.9) | |
| Bilateral OCT results (presence of macular edema) | Yes | 211 (68.7) |
| No | 76 (24.8) | |
| Not conducted | 20 (6.5) | |
| Bilateral FFA results (proliferative stage of DR) | Yes (PDR) | 290 (94.5) |
| No (NPDR) | 17 (5.5) | |
| Diabetic retinopathy (DR) stage was classified based on fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) results as proliferative (PDR) or non-proliferative (NPDR). Diabetic macular edema status was assessed by bilateral OCT; 20 patients (6.5%) who did not undergo optical coherence tomography (OCT) were excluded from diabetic macular edema–related subgroup analyses but retained in all other analyses. | ||