28 May 2026 : Clinical Research
Social Support and Self-Acceptance in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital in a Cross-Sectional Study
Jie Peng ABCDEF 1, Yina Wang BDF 2, Xu Chen CE 3, Ying Wang BEF 4, Jiaqing Lu BCE 5, Yongning Dong ACEF 1*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951546
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951546
Table 2 General demographic and employment characteristics of patients with diabetic retinopathy (n=307). Data presented as n (%) for categorical variables and mean±SD for continuous variables.
| Item | Variable | n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male | 161 (52.4) |
| Female | 146 (47.6) | |
| Age (y) | ≤65 | 144 (46.9) |
| 65–70 | 85 (27.7) | |
| >70 | 78 (25.4) | |
| Ethnicity | Han | 281 (91.5) |
| Other | 26 (8.5) | |
| Religious belief | Yes | 33 (10.7) |
| No | 274 (89.3) | |
| Employment status | Retired, currently not working | 180 (58.6) |
| Retired but re-employed or still employed | 127 (41.4) | |
| Monthly income | <2000 | 39 (12.7) |
| 2000–4999 | 126 (41.0) | |
| 5000–10000 | 91 (29.6) | |
| >10000 | 51 (16.6) | |
| Marital status | Married | 242 (78.8) |
| Divorced | 16 (5.2) | |
| Widowed | 33 (10.7) | |
| Remarried | 13 (4.2) | |
| Single and other | 3 (1.0) | |
| Education level | Illiterate, semi-illiterate | 20 (6.5) |
| Primary school | 80 (26.1) | |
| Junior high school | 72 (23.5) | |
| High school/technical school | 88 (28.7) | |
| College diploma | 32 (10.4) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 10 (3.3) | |
| Postgraduate or above | 5 (1.6) | |
| Payment method | Social medical insurance | 269 (87.6) |
| Rural insurance | 27 (8.8) | |
| Self-pay | 11 (3.6) | |
| Employment status was classified as retired and not working vs retired but re-employed or still employed (see Methods for classification rationale). | ||