Postoperative Delerium Associated with Autologous vs Allogeneic Blood Transfusion in Elderly Hip Arthroplasty Patients Undergoing Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

19 January 2026 : Clinical Research

Xianting Ke^{E 1}, Juan Peng^{BC 1}, Yang Liu^{B 2}, Yi Liu^{A 2*}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951569

Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951569

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Table 1 Patient risk factors: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative.

Characteristic	Autologous transfusion (n=142)	Allogeneic transfusion (n=402)	SMD	IPTW-SMD



Age, median (IQR), years	69 (68–74)	70 (68–75)	0.109	0.006

ASA physical status, n (%)
I–II	119 (83.8)	315 (78.4)	0.139	0.038
III–IV	23 (16.2)	87 (21.6)

Smoking, n (%)	29 (20.4)	95 (23.6)	0.077	0.030

Drinking, n (%)	38 (26.8)	113 (28.1)	0.030	0.004

BMI, median (IQR), Kg/m	23 (20–25)	24 (21–26)	0.210	0.011

Female, n (%)	75 (52.8)	224 (55.7)	0.058	0.016



Hypertension, n (%)	48 (33.8)	147 (36.6)	0.058	0.001

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	14 (9.9)	44 (10.9)	0.036	0.010

Coronary artery disease, n (%)	25 (17.6)	79 (19.7)	0.053	0.026

COPD, n (%)	8 (5.6)	18 (4.5)	0.082	0.001

Cerebral infarction, n (%)	10 (7.0)	45 (11.2)	0.145	0.044

Heart failure, n (%)	1 (0.7)	8 (2.0)	0.112	0.021

Myocardial infarction, n (%)	2 (1.4)	10 (2.5)	0.078	0.022



Hemoglobin, median (IQR), g/L	111 (114–133)	112 (109–119)	0.131	0.032

WBC count, median (IQR),10/L	5.9 (4.8–7.4)	6.19 (5.06–7.77)	0.184	0.031

Platelets, median (IQR), 10/L	207 (154–248)	201 (157–243)	0.002	0.014



Operative time, median (IQR), min	120 (102–138)	120 (102–138)	0.054	0.068

Blood loss, median (IQR), mL	420 (380–500)	450 (400–500)	0.312	0.173

Transfusion volume (IQR), mL	218 (209–228)	260 (195–390)	0.606	0.342
IQR – interquartile range; ASA – American society of anesthesiologists; BMI – body mass index; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; WBC – white blood cell; POD – postoperative delirium.

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