24 June 2026 : Clinical Research
Threonine in Coronary Artery Disease: Insights From Metabolic Syndrome Amino Acid Profiling
Tomasz Urbanowicz
ACDE 1*, Dagmara Pietkiewicz CDEF 2, Szymon Plewa CD 2, Beata Krasińska BCF 3, Jan Matysiak BCDE 2, Andrzej Tykarski BF 3
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951571
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951571
Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the analyzed groups.
| Parameters | Group 1 (MeS)n=25 | Group 2 (Control)n=40 | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (median (Q1–Q3) (years) | 68 (61–69) | 67 (62–74) | 0.68 |
| Sex (male) (%) | 11 (44.0) | 24 (60.0) | 0.21 |
| Weight (median (Q1–Q3) (kg) | 80 (73–90) | 84 (70–91) | 0.70 |
| Height (median (Q1–Q3) (cm) | 163 (157–170) | 170 (160–175) | 0.04 |
| BMI (median (Q1–Q3) (kg//m) | 30.4 (27.8–34.3) | 27.2 (25.1–28.8) | 0.011 |
| Arterial hypertension (n (%)) | 23 (92.0) | 23 (57.5) | 0.009 |
| Diabetes mellitus (n (%)) | 14 (56.0) | 3 (7.5) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia (n (%)) | 24 (96.0) | 33 (82.5) | 0.35 |
| COPD (n (%)) | 2 (8.0) | 6 (15.0) | 0.36 |
| Smoking (n (%)) | 2 (8.0) | 5 (12.5) | 0.70 |
| Positive family history (n (%)) | 5 (20.0) | 6 (15.0) | 0.78 |
| B-blockers (n (%)) | 20 (80.0) | 20 (50.0) | 0.02 |
| ACE-I (n (%)) | 12 (48.0) | 12 (30.0) | 0.15 |
| ARB (n (%)) | 6 (24.0) | 8 (20.0) | 0.71 |
| Ca-blockers (n (%)) | 6 (24.0) | 9 (22.5) | 0.90 |
| Statins (n (%)) | 21 (84.0) | 24 (60.0) | 0.79 |
| High-dose statin therapy (n (%))* | 10 (40.0) | 17 (42.5) | 0.18 |
| Diuretics (n (%)) | 2 (8.0) | 5 (12.5) | 0.58 |
| Metformin (n (%)) | 14 (56.0) | 3 (7.5) | <0.001 |
| SGLT2i (n (%)) | 2 (8.0) | 1 (2.5) | 0.32 |
| ACE-I – angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB – angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI – body mass index; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; cm – centimeter; kg – kilogram; MeS – metabolic syndrome; m – square meter; n – number; SGLT2i – sodium glucose linked transporter 2 inhibitor; Q – quartile. * Atorvastatin daily dose at least 40 mg or Rosuvastatin 20 mg/day. | |||