23 February 2026 : Clinical Research
Predictors of Procedural Pain in Office Hysteroscopy
Büşra Şahin ABCDEFG 1*, Aysu Akça AB 2DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951582
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951582
Table 1 Summary of patients and hysteroscopy characteristics.
| Age, year, mean (SD) | 41.62±7.94 |
| Height, cm, mean (SD) | 159.80±5.34 |
| Weight, kg, mean (SD) | 75.07±14.70 |
| Body mass index, kg/m, mean (SD) | 29.43±5.83 |
| Chronic disease n (%) | 42 (41.18%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 12 (11.76%) |
| Hypertension | 11 (10.78%) |
| Thyroid diseases | 8 (7.84%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 2 (1.96%) |
| Others | 13 (12.75%) |
| Anxiety/panic disorder n (%) | 9 (8.82%) |
| Menopausal status n (%) | |
| Premenopausal | 93 (91.18%) |
| Postmenopausal | 9 (8.82%) |
| Gravidity, mean (SD) | 3.20±1.91 |
| Parity, mean (SD) | 2.60±1.46 |
| Abort history, n (%) | 27 (26.47%) |
| Curettage history, n (%) | 14 (13.73%) |
| Birth history, n (%) | |
| None | 6 (5.88%) |
| Vaginal | 50 (49.02%) |
| Cesarean | 27 (26.47%) |
| Both | 19 (18.63%) |
| Number of cesareans, median (1–3 quartile | 0 (0–1) |
| Uterine position, n (%) | |
| Normal | 30 (29.41%) |
| Anteverted | 61 (59.80%) |
| Retroverted | 11 (10.78%) |
| Mullerian anomaly, n (%) | 5 (4.90%) |
| Chronic pelvic pain, n (%) | 20 (19.61%) |
| Dyspareunia, n (%) | 38 (37.25%) |
| Dysmenorrhea, n (%) | 42 (41.18%) |
| Reason of office hysteroscopy, n (%) | |
| Abnormal uterine bleeding | 28 (27.45%) |
| Increase in endometrial thickness | 16 (15.69%) |
| Suspicion of endometrial polyp/myoma | 46 (45.10%) |
| Infertility | 8 (7.84%) |
| Amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea | 2 (1.96%) |
| Suspicion of foreign body | 2 (1.96%) |
| Prior office hysteroscopy history, n (%) | 9 (8.82%) |
| Speculum use, n (%) | 11 (10.78%) |
| Tenaculum use, n (%) | 9 (8.82%) |
| Cervical dilatation, n (%) | 10 (9.80%) |
| Operative intervention, n (%) | 7 (6.86%) |
| Misoprostol use, n (%) | 3 (2.94%) |
| Duration of office hysteroscopy, min, median (1–3 quartile) | 5 (4–10) |
| VAS score, during intervention, mean (SD) | 4.91±2.97 |
| VAS score, after intervention, mean (SD) | 0 |
| Descriptive statistics are presented using mean±standard deviation for normally distributed continuous variables, median (25–75 percentile) for non-normally distributed continuous variables and frequency (percentage) for categorical variables. VAS – visual analog scale. | |