23 February 2026 : Clinical Research
Predictors of Procedural Pain in Office Hysteroscopy
Büşra Şahin ABCDEFG 1*, Aysu Akça AB 2DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951582
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951582
Table 3 Summary of VAS scores during intervention for patient and hysteroscopy characteristics.
| VAS score during intervention | P | |
|---|---|---|
| Chronic disease, mean (SD) | ||
| No | 5.10±2.90 | 0.447& |
| Yes | 4.64±3.08 | |
| Anxiety/panic disorder, mean (SD) | ||
| No | 4.78±2.96 | 0.167& |
| Yes | 6.22±2.95 | |
| Menopausal status, mean (SD) | ||
| Premenopausal | 4.91±3.03 | 0.977& |
| Postmenopausal | 4.89±2.37 | |
| Abort history, mean (SD) | ||
| No | 4.95±2.92 | 0.844& |
| Yes | 4.81±3.16 | |
| Curettage history, mean (SD) | ||
| No | 4.81±2.99 | 0.373& |
| Yes | 5.57±2.82 | |
| Vaginal birth history, mean (SD) | ||
| No | 6.76±2.85 | & |
| Yes | 4.03±2.61 | |
| Uterine position, mean (SD) | ||
| Normal | 3.50±2.84 | @ |
| Anteverted | 5.05±2.78* | |
| Retroverted | 8.00±1.67* | |
| Mullerian anomaly, mean (SD) | ||
| No | 4.93±2.98 | 0.811& |
| Yes | 4.60±3.13 | |
| Chronic pelvic pain, mean (SD) | ||
| No | 4.88±2.90 | 0.818& |
| Yes | 5.05±3.32 | |
| Dyspareunia, mean (SD) | ||
| No | 4.52±2.69 | 0.099& |
| Yes | 5.58±3.32 | |
| Dysmenorrhea, mean (SD) | ||
| No | 4.67±2.78 | 0.321& |
| Yes | 5.26±3.22 | |
| Reason of office hysteroscopy, mean (SD) | ||
| Abnormal uterine bleeding | 4.93±2.68 | 0.987@ |
| Increase in endometrial thickness | 4.81±3.66 | |
| Suspicion of endometrial polyp/myoma | 5.00±3.00 | |
| Other | 4.67±2.84 | |
| Prior office hysteroscopy history, mean (SD) | ||
| No | 5.01±2.99 | 0.281& |
| Yes | 3.89±2.62 | |
| Speculum use, mean (SD) | ||
| No | 4.84±2.99 | 0.456& |
| Yes | 5.55±2.88 | |
| Tenaculum use, mean (SD) | ||
| No | 4.88±3.00 | 0.744& |
| Yes | 5.22±2.73 | |
| Cervical dilatation, mean (SD) | ||
| No | 4.76±2.94 | 0.120& |
| Yes | 6.30±2.98 | |
| Operative intervention, mean (SD) | ||
| No | 4.99±3.02 | 0.194& |
| Yes | 3.86±1.95 | |
| Misoprostol use, mean (SD) | ||
| No | 4.94±2.94 | 0.592& |
| Yes | 4.00±4.36 | |
| Descriptive statistics are presented using mean±standard deviation for normally distributed continuous variables. & Student’s t test; @ one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); * significantly different from “Normal”; # Significantly different from “Anteverted”. Statistically significant values are shown in bold. VAS – visual analog scale. | ||