16 February 2026 : Clinical Research
Risk Factor Analysis of Residual Low Back Pain After Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Discectomy in Patients With Lumbar Disc Herniation
Zhifeng Cheng BCDEF 1,2, Tao Tang ABD 1, Shenliang Chen AB 1, Jiafeng Hong DE 1,2, Haonan Lu BD 1,2, Hao Xu E 1,2, Bo Hu ADEF 1,2*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951644
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951644
Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients in each group.
| Characteristic | Non-residual LBP group (n=159) | Residual LBP group (n=44) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 49.66±15.17 | 52.59±15.83 | 0.263 |
| Sex | 0.153 | ||
| Male | 71 (44.7) | 25 (56.8) | |
| Female | 88 (55.3) | 19 (43.2) | |
| Disease duration (months) | 6.00 (2.00, 24.00) | 12.00 (3.00, 48.75) | 0.048 |
| BMI (kg/m) | 24.12±2.58 | 24.25±2.60 | 0.760 |
| Alcohol consumption | 39 (24.5) | 13 (29.5) | 0.500 |
| Active smoking | 31 (19.5) | 8 (18.2) | 0.850 |
| LBP VAS | |||
| Preoperative | 5.00 (4.00, 6.00) | 6.50 (5.00, 8.00) | <0.001 |
| Preoperative severe LBP | 12 (7.5) | 13 (29.5) | <0.001 |
| 1 year postoperative | 1.00 (0.00, 1.00) | 2.00 (1.00, 2.00) | <0.001 |
| LP VAS | |||
| Preoperative | 6.00 (5.00, 7.00) | 7.00 (6.00, 7.75) | 0.068 |
| 1 year postoperative | 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) | 2.00 (1.00, 2.00) | 0.005 |
| ODI | |||
| Preoperative | 55.00 (50.00, 65.00) | 55.00 (51.25, 65.00) | 0.518 |
| 1 year postoperative | 10.00 (6.00, 14.00) | 7.00 (4.00, 12.75) | 0.090 |
| MacNab scale outcome at final follow-up | <0.001 | ||
| Excellent | 81 (50.9) | 19 (43.2) | |
| Good | 73 (45.9) | 12 (27.3) | |
| Fair | 2 (1.3) | 9 (20.5) | |
| Poor | 3 (1.9) | 4 (9.1) | |
| Data are presented as mean±standard deviation, median (25 percentile [P], 75 percentile [P]), or n (%).LBP – low back pain; BMI – body mass index; VAS – visual analog scale; LP – leg pain; ODI – Oswestry Disability Index. | |||