MRI-Based Assessment of Trunk and Hip Muscle Morphology and Strength in Chronic Low Back Pain

15 February 2026 : Clinical Research

Danijel Ivanac

^{ABCDEF 1*}, Hrvoje Vlahović

^{ACDEF 2}, Sandra Rusac Kukić

^{ABCDF 3}, Antonija Ružić Baršić

^{ABCDEF 4}, Andrica Lekić

^{ABCEF 5}, Juraj Arbanas

^{ABCDEFG 6}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951651

Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951651

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Table 5 Correlation analysis of trunk flexor and extensor activity across spinal levels in experimental (EG) and control (CG) groups.

Mucle	Side	Level	Trunk flexors				Trunk extensors
			EG		CG		EG		CG
			r (X,Y)	P	r (X,Y)	P	r (X,Y)	P	r (X,Y)	P
RA	R	L5/S1	0.300	0.034	0.265	0.157	0.449	0.001	0.583	0.001
RA	L	L5/S1	0.311	0.028	0.268	0.152	0.461	0.001	0.529	0.003
QL	R	L1/L2	0.273	0.056	0.309	0.097	0.334	0.018	0.408	0.025
		L2/L3	0.126	0.383	0.094	0.623	0.216	0.132	0.373	0.042
		L3/L4	0.030	0.836	0.184	0.331	0.097	0.505	0.411	0.024
	L	L1/L2	0.194	0.178	0.108	0.569	0.254	0.075	0.374	0.042
		L2/L3	0.157	0.275	0.151	0.427	0.256	0.073	0.365	0.048
		L3/L4	0.082	0.569	0.236	0.210	0.196	0.172	0.463	0.010
PM	R	L1/L2	0.272	0.056	0.103	0.587	0.342	0.015	0.283	0.130
		L2/L3	0.202	0.160	0.106	0.579	0.287	0.043	0.378	0.039
		L3/L4	0.290	0.041	0.161	0.395	0.404	0.004	0.402	0.028
		L4/L5	0.279	0.050	0.208	0.269	0.429	0.002	0.484	0.007
		L5/S1	0.284	0.045	0.142	0.455	0.429	0.002	0.418	0.022
	L	L1/L2	0.294	0.039	0.068	0.719	0.460	0.001	0.278	0.137
		L2/L3	0.175	0.224	0.012	0.949	0.310	0.028	0.306	0.100
		L3/L4	0.231	0.107	0.125	0.511	0.367	0.009	0.411	0.024
		L4/L5	0.277	0.052	0.234	0.213	0.416	0.003	0.496	0.005
		L5/S1	0.286	0.044	0.136	0.473	0.437	0.002	0.357	0.053
IL	R	L5/S1	0.185	0.197	0.282	0.131	0.276	0.052	0.463	0.010
IL	L	L5/S1	0.203	0.158	0.189	0.317	0.295	0.037	0.447	0.013
PM – psoas major; QL – quadratus lumborum; RA – rectus abdominis; IL – iliacus; R – right; L – left.

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