Social Attitudes Towards Public Health Interventions in Community Pharmacies in Poland: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey

30 March 2026 : Clinical Research

Iwona Wrześniewska-Wal

^{ABCDEF 1*}, Kuba Sękowski

^{BCEF 1}, Andrzej Silczuk

^{ADEF 2}, Mateusz Jankowski

^{ABCDE 1}, Magdalena Waszyk-Nowaczyk

^{AEF 3}, Justyna Grudziąż-Sękowska

^{CDEF 1}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951732

Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951732

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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population (n=1102).

Variable	n	%
Gender
Female	603	54.7
Male	499	45.3
Age group [years]
18–29	158	14.3
30–39	218	19.8
40–49	206	18.7
50–59	196	17.8
60+	324	29.4
Educational level
Higher	531	48.2
Less than higher	571	51.8
Currently married
Yes	563	51.1
No	539	48.9
Place of residence
Rural area	413	37.5
City below 20 000 residents	145	13.2
City from 20 000 to 99 999 residents	220	20.0
City from 100 000 to 499 999 residents	184	16.7
City ≥500 000 residents	140	12.7
Having children
Yes	683	62.0
No	419	38.0
Number of household members
1 (living alone)	174	15.8
2	396	35.9
3 or more	532	48.3
Occupational status
Active	700	63.5
Passive	402	36.5
Self-reported household economic status
Good	536	48.6
Moderate	419	38.0
Bad	147	13.3
Having chronic diseases
Yes	613	55.6
No	489	44.4
Taking medications regularly
Yes	503	45.6
No	599	54.4
Smoking status
Smoking cigarettes	230	20.9
Using e-cigarettes or heated tobacco products	84	7.6
Non-smoking	788	71.5

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