30 March 2026 : Clinical Research
Social Attitudes Towards Public Health Interventions in Community Pharmacies in Poland: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey
Iwona Wrześniewska-Wal
ABCDEF 1*, Kuba Sękowski BCEF 1, Andrzej Silczuk ADEF 2, Mateusz Jankowski ABCDE 1, Magdalena Waszyk-Nowaczyk AEF 3, Justyna Grudziąż-Sękowska CDEF 1
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951732
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951732
Table 5 Factors associated with public attitudes towards brief advice on healthy lifestyle provided in community pharmacies among adults in Poland (N=1102).
| Would you like to receive brief advice on a healthy lifestyle from a pharmacist, eg, how to eat healthily, do physical activity, take better care of yourself, etc.? – „rather yes” or „definitely yes” | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | % | P | Bivariable logistic regression | Multivariable logistic regression | ||
| OR (95% CI) | P | aOR (95% CI) | P | |||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female (n=603) | 40.0 | 0.5 | 0.92 (0.73–1.18) | 0.5 | ||
| Male (n=499) | 41.9 | Reference | ||||
| Age group [years] | ||||||
| 18–29 (n=158) | 41.8 | 0.05 | 1.30 (0.88–1.93) | 0.2 | 1.05 (0.67–1.64) | 0.8 |
| 30–39 (n=218) | 45.4 | 1.51 (1.07–2.15) | 0.02 | 1.08 (0.71–1.66) | 0.7 | |
| 40–49 (n=206) | 46.6 | 1.59 (1.11–2.26) | 0.01 | 1.12 (0.72–1.72) | 0.6 | |
| 50–59 (n=196) | 37.8 | 1.110 (0.76–1.59) | 0.6 | 0.80 (0.52–1.22) | 0.3 | |
| 60+ (n=324) | 35.5 | Reference | Reference | |||
| Educational level | ||||||
| Higher (n=531) | 38.8 | 0.2 | 0.85 (0.67–1.08) | 0.2 | ||
| Less than higher (n=571) | 42.7 | Reference | ||||
| Currently married | ||||||
| Yes (n=563) | 40.7 | 0.9 | 0.99 (0.78–1.26) | 0.9 | ||
| No (n=539) | 41.0 | Reference | ||||
| Place of residence | ||||||
| Rural area (n=413) | 45.0 | 0.3 | 1.39 (0.94–2.06) | 0.1 | ||
| City below 20 000 residents (n=145) | 40.0 | 1.13 (0.70–1.82) | 0.6 | |||
| City from 20 000 to 99 999 residents (n=220) | 37.7 | 1.03 (0.66–1.59) | 0.9 | |||
| City from 100 000 to 499 999 residents (n=184) | 38.6 | 1.06 (0.68–1.67) | 0.8 | |||
| City ≥500 000 residents (n=140) | 37.1 | Reference | ||||
| Having children | ||||||
| Yes (n=683) | 40.1 | 0.5 | 0.93 (0.72–1.18) | 0.5 | ||
| No (n=419) | 42.0 | Reference | ||||
| Number of household members | ||||||
| 1 (living alone) (n=174) | 29.9 | Reference | Reference | |||
| 2 (n=396) | 38.1 | 1.45 (0.99–2.12) | 0.06 | 1.45 (0.97–2.15) | 0.07 | |
| 3 or more (n=532) | 46.4 | 2.03 (1.41–2.93) | <0.001 | 1.83 (1.25–2.70) | ||
| Occupational status | ||||||
| Active (n=700) | 45.3 | 1.67 (1.30–2.16) | <0.001 | 1.62 (1.18–2.22) | ||
| Passive (n=402) | 33.1 | Reference | Reference | |||
| Self-reported household economic status | ||||||
| Good (n=536) | 40.5 | 0.05 | 1.40 (0.95–2.06) | 0.09 | 1.24 (0.84–1.85) | 0.3 |
| Moderate (n=419) | 44.2 | 1.63 (1.10–2.42) | 0.02 | 1.59 (1.06–2.39) | ||
| Bad (n=147) | 32.7 | Reference | Reference | |||
| Having chronic diseases | ||||||
| Yes (n=613) | 43.7 | 1.31 (1.03–1.67) | 0.03 | 1.49 (1.15–1.93) | ||
| No (n=489) | 37.2 | Reference | Reference | |||
| Taking medications regularly | ||||||
| Yes (n=503) | 42.1 | 0.4 | 1.11 (0.87–1.41) | 0.4 | ||
| No (n=599) | 39.7 | Reference | ||||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Smoking cigarettes (n=230) | 42.6 | 0.05 | 1.16 (0.86–1.56) | 0.3 | 1.05 (0.77–1.44) | 0.7 |
| Using e-cigarettes or heated tobacco products (n=84) | 52.4 | 1.71 (1.09–2.69) | 0.02 | 1.50 (0.94–2.39) | ||
| Non-smoking (n=788) | 39.1 | Reference | Reference | |||