27 June 2026 : Clinical Research
Understanding Public Awareness, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Perceptions About ChatGPT in Saudi Arabia: A Road Map for Digital Health
Norah M. Alyahya
ABCDEG 1, Falah Ali Alwadei BCFG 2, Hussam Abdullah Alshehri BCDFG 3, Abeer Swailm Al-khaldi BCDFG 4, Ghada Mohammed Al-Mubaraki BCDFG 4, Mohammed AlFaifi ABCDFG 5, Abdullah M. Alobaid ABCDEG 6, Wajid Syed ABCDEFG 7*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951747
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951747
Table 5 Association between the level of familiarity and comfort with ChatGPT and demographic characteristics among the Saudi population.
| Variables | Familiar to some degreen (%) | Not familiarn (%) | Very familiarn (%) | P value* | Effect size (Cramér’s V) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 302 (58%) | 169 (50.8%) | 135 (62.8%) | 0.015 | 0.015 |
| Female | 219 (42%) | 164 (49.2%) | 80 (37.2%) | ||
| 20–25 | 216 (45.9%) | 129 (27.4%) | 126 (26.8%) | <0.001 | 0.127 |
| 26–30 | 146 (49.2%) | 114 (38.4%) | 37 (12.5%) | ||
| 31–35 | 66 (52.8%) | 36 (28.8%) | 23 (18.4%) | ||
| 36–40 | 31 (43.1%) | 25 (34.7%) | 16 (22.2%) | ||
| >41 | 62 (59.6%) | 29 (27.9%) | 13 (12.5%) | ||
| Secondary | 97 (18.6%) | 91 (27.3%) | 32 (14.9%) | <0.001 | 0.104 |
| University | 415 (79.7%) | 226 (67.9%) | 177 (82.3%) | ||
| Doctorate | 9 (1.7%) | 16 (4.8%) | 6 (2.8%) | ||
| Central | 181 (34.7%) | 120 (36%) | 87 (40.5%) | 0.471 | 0.060 |
| Western | 62 (11.9%) | 39 (11.7%) | 20 (9.3%) | ||
| Eastern | 54 (10.4%) | 34 (10.2%) | 21 (9.8%) | ||
| Southern | 122 (23.4%) | 72 (21.6%) | 35 (16.3%) | ||
| Northern | 102 (19.6%) | 68 (20.4%) | 52 (24.2%) | ||
| Male | 206 (39.8%) | 174 (51.8%) | 83 (38.4%) | <0.001 | 0.116 |
| Female | 311 (60.2%) | 162 (48.2%) | 133 (61.6%) | ||
| 20–25 | 246 (47.6%) | 133 (39.6%) | 92 (42.6%) | 0.003 | 0.104 |
| 26–30 | 151 (29.2%) | 94 (28%) | 52 (24.1%) | ||
| 31–35 | 52 (10.1%) | 35 (10.4%) | 38 (17.6%) | ||
| 36–40 | 27 (5.2%) | 29 (8.6%) | 16 (7.4%) | ||
| >41 | 41 (7.9%) | 45 (13.4%) | 18 (8.3%) | ||
| Secondary | 94 (18.2%) | 88 (26.2%) | 38 (17.6%) | <0.001 | 0.095 |
| University | 416 (80.5%) | 233 (69.3%) | 169 (78.2%) | ||
| Doctorate | 7 (1.4%) | 15 (4.5%) | 9 (4.2%) | ||
| Central | 197 (38.1%) | 117 (34.8%) | 74 (34.3%) | 0.187 | 0.073 |
| Western | 60 (11.6%) | 35 (10.4%) | 26 (12%) | ||
| Eastern | 58 (11.2%) | 23 (6.8%) | 28 (13%) | ||
| Southern | 101 (19.5%) | 84 (25%) | 44 (20.4%) | ||
| Northern | 101 (19.5%) | 77 (22.9%) | 44 (20.4%) | ||
| * Chi-square test of independence; Effect sizes are reported as Cramér’s V. No formal adjustment for multiple comparisons was applied, as analyses were exploratory and hypothesis driven. | |||||