14 July 2026 : Review article
Clinical Use of Endotracheal Intubation Without Neuromuscular Blockade: The Current Stage of Knowledge
Paweł Radkowski
B 1,2*, Izabella Jadwiga Brykczyńska D 3, Łukasz Banasiak F 4, Łukasz Grabarczyk DE 5
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951765
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951765
Introduction
Techniques of Intubation Using NMBAs
Depolarizing Neuromuscular Relaxants
Non-Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Technique of Intubation Without Neuromuscular Blockade
Intubation Under Deep Anesthesia With Opioids
Intubation Under Deep Anesthesia With Hypnotics
Alternative Intubation and Ventilation Techniques Without NMBA Use
Comparison of the NMBA Group With the Non-NMBA Group
Conclusions
References
Table 1 Summary of key features of the individual drugs.
| Drug | Mechanism of action | Advantages | Limitations and adverse effects | Clinical notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|