11 July 2026 : Database Analysis
COVID-19 and Diabetes: Clinical Symptoms, Acute Kidney Injury, Inflammatory Response, and Poor Prognosis Factors
Nur Özer Şensoy
ADE 1*, Mehmet Usta AB 1, Emel Gürcüoğlu CE 2, Alparslan Ersoy F 3, Mustafa Çağatay Büyükuysal C 4
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951864
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951864
Table 3 Laboratory findings in the diabetic and non-diabetic groups.
| Parameters | Diabetic (n=130) | Non-diabetic (n=270) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Urea, mg/dL | 44.6 (10.7–229.9) | 33.2 (9.6–287.8) | <0.001a |
| Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), mg/dL | 21.1 (5–145) | 15.5 (4.5–186) | <0.001a |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 (0.6–9.6) | 0.9 (0.4–14.1) | 0.028a |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 135 (107–149) | 137 (120–154) | <0.001a |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.4 (1.4–6.2) | 4.3 (3–6.1) | 0.019a |
| Calcium, mg/dL | 8.7 (6.4–10.8) | 8.5 (6–10.6) | 0.078a |
| Magnesium, mg/dL | 1.9 (1.1–2.7) | 2.1 (1.3–3.3) | <0.001a |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 188.5 (58–615) | 122.5 (6.2–582) | <0.001a |
| CRP, mg/L | 65.6 (0.3–395.5) | 60.7 (0–327.5) | 0.163a |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.1 (0–26.7) | 0.1 (0–26.4) | 0.046a |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.6 (6.9–17.7) | 13.1 (5.2–18.4) | 0.004a |
| Hematocrit,% | 37.3 (20.8–50.5) | 38.3 (15.9–52.6) | 0.003a |
| Mean corpuscular volüme (MCV), fL | 83.3 (34.9–105.5) | 85.5 (27.6–106) | 0.006a |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), pg | 28.7 (19.5–35) | 29.2 (18.2–48.3) | 0.019a |
| PDW, fL | 12.2 (8.6–20.1) | 11.9 (8.4–19.4) | 0.037a |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mm/h | 47 (2–123) | 44 (2–140) | 0.048a |
| INR | 1 (0.9–2.9) | 1 (0.8–2.4) | 0.041a |
| Troponin T, ng/L | 11.6 (3.2–3101) | 9.5 (1.5–661) | <0.001a |
| AST, U/L | 28 (9–147) | 34 (8–325) | 0.003a |
| Free triiodothyronine (fT3), pg/mL | 1.7 (0.6–4.3) | 1.9 (0.7–5.6) | 0.013a |
| C3, mg/dL | 1.3±0.3 | 1.2±0.3 | 0.016d |
| Cortisol, μg/dL | 8.3 (0.3–36.3) | 5.9 (0.2–57.4) | 0.020a |
| Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; PDW, platelet distribution width; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; INR, international normalized ratio; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; fT3, free triiodothyronine. Data are presented as mean±standard deviation or median (minimum–maximum). a Mann-Whitney U test; b chi-square test; c Fisher exact test; d independent samples test. | |||