07 February 2026 : Clinical Research
Kinesiophobia in Multiple Sclerosis: Associations with Age, Anxiety, and Physical Activity
Wioletta Mikuľáková
ABCDEF 1*, Lucia Demjanovič Kendrová BDEF 1, Eleonóra Klímová BDE 1, Štefánia Andraščiková EFG 2, Miloslav Gajdoš DEF 1
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951924
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951924
Table 2 Descriptive characteristics of study variables.
| Variables | N | % | Me or M | IQR or SD | Min. | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TSK Total score | 148 | 100.00 | 39.27 | 6.73 | 23.00 | 60.00 |
| TSK 17–37 | 61 | 41.22 | 32.85 | 3.06 | 23.00 | 37.00 |
| TSK 38–68 | 87 | 58.78 | 43.78 | 4.59 | 38.00 | 60.00 |
| General health | 148 | 100.00 | 45.00 | 25.00 | 5.00 | 90.00 |
| Physical function | 148 | 100.00 | 65.00 | 45.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Role physical | 148 | 100.00 | 25.00 | 75.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Body pain | 148 | 100.00 | 55.00 | 32.50 | 20.00 | 100.00 |
| Vitality | 148 | 100.00 | 50.00 | 27.50 | 0.00 | 95.00 |
| Social functioning | 148 | 100.00 | 50.00 | 32.50 | 10.00 | 100.00 |
| Role emotional | 148 | 100.00 | 33.33 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Mental health | 148 | 100.00 | 56.00 | 26.00 | 20.00 | 96.00 |
| SF-36 PCS | 148 | 100.00 | 47.19 | 31.88 | 14.38 | 93.75 |
| SF-36 MCS | 148 | 100.00 | 50.38 | 31.50 | 12.50 | 90.75 |
| MFIS P | 148 | 100.00 | 18.00 | 14.75 | 0.00 | 35.00 |
| MFIS C | 148 | 100.00 | 18.00 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 35.00 |
| MFIS PS | 148 | 100.00 | 4.00 | 3.00 | 0.00 | 8.00 |
| MFIS Total score | 148 | 100.00 | 39.00 | 28.50 | 4.00 | 75.00 |
| MFIS 0–38 | 73 | 49.32 | 25.00 | 16.50 | 4.00 | 38.00 |
| MFIS 39–84 | 75 | 50.68 | 53.00 | 12.00 | 39.00 | 75.00 |
| SDS Total score | 148 | 100.00 | 52.50 | 13.75 | 27.50 | 69.00 |
| SDS 25–49 | 56 | 37.84 | 45.00 | 8.44 | 27.50 | 48.75 |
| SDS 50–59 | 52 | 35.13 | 53.75 | 5.00 | 50.00 | 58.75 |
| SDS 60–69 | 40 | 27.03 | 62.50 | 5.00 | 60.00 | 69.00 |
| BAI Total score | 148 | 100.00 | 15.50 | 13.00 | 2.00 | 42.00 |
| BAI 0–7 | 26 | 17.56 | 6.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 7.00 |
| BAI 8–15 | 48 | 32.43 | 11.00 | 5.00 | 8.00 | 15.00 |
| BAI 16–25 | 49 | 33.11 | 20.50 | 4.00 | 16.00 | 25.00 |
| BAI 26–63 | 25 | 16.89 | 30.00 | 8.50 | 26.00 | 42.00 |
| GLTEQ Total score | 148 | 100.00 | 17.00 | 16.75 | 5.00 | 77.00 |
| GLTEQ 0–13 | 42 | 28.37 | 11.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 13.00 |
| GLTEQ 14–23 | 56 | 37.83 | 17.00 | 5.00 | 15.00 | 23.00 |
| GLTEQ ≥24 | 50 | 33.78 | 38.50 | 25.25 | 24.00 | 77.00 |
| SF-36 – Short Form 36 Health Subject Questionnaire (0: min. quality of life, 100: max. quality of life); SF-36 PCS – physical component summary; SF-36 MCS – mental component summary; MFIS P – Modified Fatigue Impact Scale – physical subscale; MFIS C – Modified Fatigue Impact Scale – cognitive subscale; MFIS PS – Modified Fatigue Impact Scale – psychosocial subscale; MFIS – Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (0: min. fatigue, 84: max. fatigue); MFIS 0–38 – clinically no-significant fatigue; MFIS 39–84 – clinically significant fatigue; SDS – Zung’s Self-Rating Depression Scale (less than 50: no depression, more than 70 severe depression); SDS 25–49 – without depressive symptoms; SDS 50–59 – minimal/mild depression; SDS 60–69 – moderate depression; BAI – Beck Anxiety Inventory (0: minimal anxiety levels, 63: maximal anxiety levels); BAI 0–7 – minimal anxiety; BAI 8–15 – mild anxiety; BAI 16–25 – moderate anxiety; BAI 26–63 – severe anxiety; GLTEQ – Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (0–13: insufficiently active, 14–23: moderately active 24 or more active); TSK – The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (17–37: no or negligible kinesiophobia, 38–68: greater (worse) kinesiophobia), n – number of patients; Me – median; M – mean; IQR – interquartile range; SD – standard deviation; Min. – minimum values; Max. – maximum values. | ||||||