Kinesiophobia in Multiple Sclerosis: Associations with Age, Anxiety, and Physical Activity

Wioletta Mikuľáková; Lucia Demjanovič Kendrová; Eleonóra Klímová; Štefánia Andraščiková; Miloslav Gajdoš

doi:10.12659/MSM.951924

07 February 2026 : Clinical Research

Kinesiophobia in Multiple Sclerosis: Associations with Age, Anxiety, and Physical Activity

Wioletta Mikuľáková

^{ABCDEF 1*}, Lucia Demjanovič Kendrová

^{BDEF 1}, Eleonóra Klímová^{BDE 1}, Štefánia Andraščiková

^{EFG 2}, Miloslav Gajdoš^{DEF 1}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951924

Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951924

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Table 5 Multiple regression model for kinesiophobia among multiple sclerosis patients.

Independent variables	Coefficient B	SE	Standardized coefficients β	95% CI for B	t	P	Tolerance	VIF
Model characteristic	R2=0.411, Adjusted R2=0.358, F=7.788, P<0.0001
(Constant)	42.773	6.160		30.699 to 54.847	6.944	<0.0001
Gender	−1.227	1.056	−0.083	−3.297 to 0.843	−1.163	0.247	0.864	1.158
	0.140	0.060	0.205	0.022 to 0.258	2.350		0.578	1.729
Disease duration	−0.186	0.099	−0.185	−0.380 to 0.008	−1.887	0.061	0.460	2.174
MS course	0.296	0.643	0.036	−0.963 to 1.555	0.460	0.646	0.702	1.424
Immunomodulatory therapy	0.479	1.066	0.035	−1.609 to 2.567	0.449	0.654	0.743	1.346
EDSS	−0.243	0.495	−0.055	−1.213 to 0.727	−0.491	0.624	0.351	2.847
SF-36 PCS	−0.037	0.040	−0.114	−0.115 to 0.041	−0.910	0.364	0.278	3.594
SF-36 MCS	−0.065	0.035	−0.182	−0.134 to 0.004	−1.883	0.062	0.473	2.115
MFIS	−0.015	0.045	−0.038	−0.103 to 0.073	−0.328	0.743	0.329	3.035
SDS	0.010	0.069	0.014	−0.125 to 0.145	0.145	0.885	0.483	2.069
	0.192	0.071	0.252	0.053 to 0.331	2.696		0.505	1.980
	−0.147	0.031	−0.353	−0.208 to −0.086	−4.695		0.780	1.283
SF-36 – Short Form 36 Health Subject Questionnaire; SF-36 PCS – physical component summary; SF-36 MCS – mental component summary; EDSS – Expanded Disability Status Scale; MFIS – Modified Fatigue Impact Scale; SDS – Zung’s Self – Rating Depression Scale; BAI – Beck Anxiety Inventory; GLTEQ – Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire; B – unstandardized coefficient; β – Beta – standardized coefficients; SE – standard error; R – coefficient of determination; Adjusted R – squared coefficient of determination; F – test statistic of F test; – test statistics; – level of significance; VIF – Variance Inflation Factor.

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Kinesiophobia in Multiple Sclerosis: Associations with Age, Anxiety, and Physical Activity

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