26 April 2026 : Meta-Analysis
Influence of Operative Techniques on Clinical and Laboratory Outcomes in Class II Resin-Based Composite Restorations: A Systematic Review
Bassam Zidane
ABCDEF 1*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.951980
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e951980
Table 4 Summary of included in vitro studies.
| Author (year) | Population/tooth | Intervention | Comparator | Relevant outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 160 extracted molars | Three bonding agents | Conventional etch-and-rinse | Marginal adaptation (dye penetration; SEM) | |
| Extracted molars | Transparent matrix + light modulation | Metal matrix + standard curing | Marginal seal and shrinkage patterns (SEM) | |
| Extracted molars | Multiple LED curing units | Quartz–tungsten halogen lamp | Surface hardness; marginal adaptation | |
| Extracted molars | Sectional matrices + rings | Circumferential matrices | Proximal contact tightness (PCT gauge) | |
| 120 extracted molars | Methacrylate vs Silorane RBC | Standard composite | Gap formation; hardness; mechanical properties | |
| 60 extracted molars | Silorane-based composite | Methacrylate-based composite | Microleakage (thermocycling) | |
| 35 extracted premolars | Delayed polymerization (low-intensity) | Conventional curing | Marginal adaptation (dye leakage) | |
| Extracted molars (MOD) | Modified bulk-fill protocols | Standard placement | Cuspal movement; microleakage | |
| Extracted molars | Bulk-fill RBC strategies | Incremental layering | Microleakage; μCT; SEM; EDS | |
| Extracted molars | Bulk-fill RBC | Incremental technique | Marginal adaptation (micro-CT, SEM) | |
| SEM – scanning electron microscopy; EDS – energy-dispersive spectroscopy; μCT – micro–computed tomography; RBC – resin-based composite; MOD – mesio-occluso-distal cavity. | ||||