04 April 2026 : Clinical Research
Effect of School Backpack Weight on Shape of Children's Feet
Sabina Lizis
ABCDEF 1, Justyna Leszczak ADEF 1, Ewa Puszczałowska-Lizis ADEF 1*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.952039
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e952039
Table 2 Comparison of school backpack weight and the percentage of backpack weight relative to body mass in the studied girls and boys.
| Sex | χ̄±SD | Min–Max | Q25 | Me | Q75 | Statistics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| School backpack weight [kg] | ||||||
| Girls | 5.02±1.26 | 2.46–8.24 | 4.27 | 4.80 | 5.70 | Z=2.30=0.021* |
| Boys | 4.50±1.42 | 1.57–7.86 | 3.54 | 4.11 | 5.20 | |
| Total | 4.77±1.36 | 1.57–8.24 | 3.90 | 4.53 | 5.44 | |
| Weight of the school backpack in relation to the child’s body mass [%] | ||||||
| Girls | 13.30±4.35 | 5.44–22.98 | 10.17 | 12.43 | 16.58 | Z=1.82=0.069 |
| Boys | 11.94±4.64 | 2.28–25.87 | 9.03 | 11.18 | 13.43 | |
| Total | 12.64±4.53 | 2.28–25.87 | 9.47 | 11.85 | 15.10 | |
| χ̄ – arithmetic mean value; SD – standard deviation; Min – minimum value; Max – maximum value; Q – lower quartile; Me – median; Q – upper quartile; Z – value of the Mann-Whitney U test statistics; – probability value. * | ||||||