29 May 2026 : Database Analysis
Prognostic Value of Albumin-Bilirubin Score in Acute Pancreatitis: Insights From the MIMIC-IV Database
Haibo Zhang E 1, Dawei Wang AD 1, Jiebin Li CF 1, Jing Zhang AD 1*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.952447
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e952447
Table 2 Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Overall (1953) | T1 (735) | T2 (883) | T3 (335) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (Male, %) | 1105 (56.6) | 408 (55.5) | 515 (58.3) | 182 (54.3) | 0.345 |
| Admission age (years) | 60.79 [48.40, 73.61] | 60.10 [47.35, 71.22] | 63.53 [50.81, 75.71] | 57.41 [45.55, 71.95] | <0.001 |
| Race (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Asian (%) | 69 (3.5) | 28 (3.8) | 32 (3.6) | 9 (2.7) | |
| Black (%) | 257 (13.2) | 143 (19.5) | 98 (11.1) | 16 (4.8) | |
| White (%) | 1260 (64.5) | 470 (63.9) | 583 (66.0) | 207 (61.8) | |
| Other (%) | 367 (18.8) | 94 (12.8) | 170 (19.3) | 103 (30.7) | |
| Death within 30 days (%) | 309 (15.8) | 82 (11.2) | 138 (15.6) | 89 (26.6) | <0.001 |
| Death within 1 year (%) | 533 (27.3) | 163 (22.2) | 249 (28.2) | 121 (36.1) | <0.001 |
| Vital signs | |||||
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 94.00 [80.00, 111.00] | 92.00 [78.50, 109.00] | 95.00 [81.00, 111.00] | 99.00 [85.50, 113.00] | <0.001 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 20.00 [16.00, 24.00] | 19.00 [16.00, 23.00] | 20.00 [16.00, 24.00] | 20.00 [17.00, 25.00] | <0.001 |
| SpO (%) | 97.00 [95.00, 99.00] | 97.00 [95.00, 100.00] | 97.00 [95.00, 99.00] | 97.00 [94.00, 99.00] | <0.001 |
| Bilirubin (μmol/L) | 11.97 [6.84, 30.78] | 8.55 [5.13, 11.97] | 15.39 [8.55, 35.91] | 59.85 [17.10, 153.90] | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 36.00 [30.00, 42.00] | 43.00 [41.00, 45.00] | 34.00 [31.00, 37.00] | 24.00 [21.50, 28.00] | <0.001 |
| ALBI score | −2.33 [−2.90, −1.65] | −3.03 [−3.27, −2.83] | −2.05 [−2.34, −1.76] | −1.00 [−1.24, −0.78] | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.00 [0.70, 1.40] | 0.90 [0.80, 1.20] | 1.00 [0.70, 1.40] | 1.00 [0.70, 1.80] | 0.48 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 17.00 [12.00, 27.00] | 17.00 [12.00, 24.00] | 17.00 [11.00, 28.00] | 20.00 [12.00, 35.00] | 0.003 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 139.00 [136.00, 141.00] | 139.00 [137.00, 141.00] | 139.00 [136.00, 141.00] | 137.00 [133.00, 140.00] | <0.001 |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.10 [3.70, 4.50] | 4.20 [3.80, 4.60] | 4.10 [3.70, 4.50] | 4.00 [3.50, 4.40] | <0.001 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.70 [8.00, 9.20] | 9.10 [8.70, 9.50] | 8.60 [8.00, 9.10] | 7.90 [7.30, 8.40] | <0.001 |
| Chloride (mEq/L) | 102.00 [99.00, 105.00] | 102.00 [99.00, 104.00] | 103.00 [99.00, 106.00] | 102.00 [97.00, 106.50] | 0.003 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 116.00 [96.00, 156.00] | 112.00 [94.00, 148.00] | 120.00 [97.00, 163.00] | 116.00 [95.50, 145.00] | 0.003 |
| ALT (U/L) | 35.00 [20.00, 87.00] | 27.00 [18.00, 50.00] | 41.00 [20.00, 120.00] | 56.00 [28.50, 136.00] | <0.001 |
| ALP (U/L) | 96.00 [68.00, 156.00] | 82.00 [63.00, 110.00] | 107.00 [72.00, 177.00] | 142.00 [82.50, 273.50] | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 44.00 [24.00, 112.00] | 29.00 [21.00, 52.50] | 53.00 [26.00, 148.00] | 103.00 [48.50, 223.00] | <0.001 |
| Amylase (U/L) | 94.00 [50.00, 213.00] | 84.00 [49.50, 167.50] | 101.00 [52.00, 261.50] | 98.00 [46.50, 272.00] | 0.008 |
| Lipase (U/L) | 101.00 [40.00, 630.00] | 74.00 [35.00, 453.00] | 133.00 [42.00, 821.00] | 120.00 [45.50, 562.50] | <0.001 |
| WBC count (/μL) | 9.00 [6.60, 13.20] | 7.90 [6.10, 10.40] | 9.40 [6.80, 14.00] | 12.20 [8.05, 17.25] | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.60 [10.80, 14.00] | 13.30 [12.00, 14.50] | 12.40 [10.70, 13.90] | 10.90 [9.30, 12.50] | <0.001 |
| HCT (%) | 37.70 [32.90, 41.60] | 39.50 [36.25, 42.80] | 37.40 [32.65, 41.30] | 32.60 [28.25, 37.60] | <0.001 |
| Platelets (/μL) | 224.00 [162.00, 300.00] | 248.00 [192.00, 313.50] | 214.00 [154.50, 288.00] | 187.00 [114.00, 262.50] | <0.001 |
| pH | 7.38 [7.32, 7.43] | 7.38 [7.33, 7.43] | 7.38 [7.31, 7.42] | 7.38 [7.32, 7.43] | 0.294 |
| INR | 1.20 [1.10, 1.40] | 1.10 [1.00, 1.20] | 1.20 [1.10, 1.40] | 1.40 [1.20, 1.90] | <0.001 |
| Acute heart failure (%) | 29 (1.5) | 7 (1.0) | 19 (2.2) | 3 (0.9) | 0.086 |
| Acute respiratory failure (%) | 19 (1.0) | 7 (1.0) | 8 (0.9) | 4 (1.2) | 0.898 |
| AF (%) | 539 (27.6) | 198 (26.9) | 263 (29.8) | 78 (23.3) | 0.067 |
| Obesity (%) | 595 (30.5) | 262 (35.6) | 255 (28.9) | 78 (23.3) | <0.001 |
| Carbapenem use (%) | 554 (28.4) | 170 (23.1) | 242 (27.4) | 142 (42.4) | <0.001 |
| Fluoroquinolones use (%) | 1114 (57.0) | 433 (58.9) | 505 (57.2) | 176 (52.5) | 0.147 |
| PPI use (%) | 1601 (82.0) | 625 (85.0) | 695 (78.7) | 281 (83.9) | 0.003 |
| Cholecystectomy procedure (%) | 80 (4.1) | 31 (4.2) | 37 (4.2) | 12 (3.6) | 0.872 |
| ERCP procedure (%) | 55 (2.8) | 9 (1.2) | 28 (3.2) | 18 (5.4) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation (%) | 772 (39.5) | 254 (34.6) | 354 (40.1) | 164 (49.0) | <0.001 |
| Patient groups according to ALBI score: T1 (−1.39). SpO – oxygen saturation; BUN – blood urea nitrogen; ALT – alanine aminotransferase; ALP – alkaline phosphatase; AST – aspartate aminotransferase; WBC count – white blood cell count; HCT – hematocrit; INR – international normalized ratio; AF – atrial fibrillation; ERCP – endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; PPI – proton pump inhibitor. | |||||