02 July 2026 : Clinical Research
Synergistic Effects of AI-Driven Remote Respiratory Rehabilitation and Cervical Stabilization Exercises on Forward Head Posture, Neck Pain, and Respiratory Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Youn-Joong Oh ABDEF 1, Myung-Mo Lee ACFG 2*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.952496
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e952496
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants.
| Experimental group (n=22) | Control group (n=22) | t/χ2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (Male/Female) | 3/19 | 4/18 | 0.170 | 0.680 |
| Age (year) | 70.09±3.18 | 70.05±2.85 | 0.050 | 0.960 |
| Height (cm) | 159.93±3.05 | 159.89±4.19 | 0.041 | 0.967 |
| Weight (kg) | 58.09±6.11 | 58.18±5.42 | −0.052 | 0.959 |
| BMI (score) | 22.74±2.50 | 22.76±1.91 | −0.030 | 0.977 |
| VAS (point) | 6.90±1.15 | 6.86±1.08 | 0.137 | 0.892 |
| NDI (score) | 17.41±3.78 | 18.5±3.23 | −1.029 | 0.309 |
| HIT-6 (score) | 62.05±2.13 | 61.36±2.75 | 0.932 | 0.528 |
| CVA (angle) | 46.45±1.93 | 47.29±3.65 | −0.881 | 0.384 |
| Mean±standard deviation; BMI – body mass index; VAS – visual analog scale; NDI – Neck Disability Index; HIT-6 – Headache Impact Test-6; CVA – craniovertebral angle. | ||||