Impact of Frailty Syndrome on Early and Midterm Adverse Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome

15 June 2026 : Clinical Research

Radosław Wontor^{AEF 1}, Maria Łoboz-Rudnicka

^{BDEF 1,2*}, Bogusława Ołpińska

^{B 1,2}, Krzysztof D. Dudek

^{C 3}, Magdalena Lisiak

^{B 4,5}, Tomasz Bańkowski^{C 1}, Rafał Wyderka

^{D 1,2}, Barbara Brzezińska^{B 1}, Krystyna Łoboz-Grudzień

^{AD 1}, Joanna Jaroch

^{AD 1,2}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.952737

Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e952737

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Table 2 In-hospital complications and major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) at 6-month follow-up.

	Frailty syndrome		P	OR [95% CI]
	Present (n=137)	Absent (n=59)	P	OR [95% CI]

				[2.36–9.17]
Major bleeding ^*	6 (4.4%)	0 (0.0%)	0.181	11.3 [0.20–4.88]
Ventricular arrhytmia^**	6 (4.4%)	2 (3.4%)	1.000	1.31 [0.26–6.66]
Conduction disturbances^#	6 (4.4%)	0 (0.0%)	0.181	11.3 [0.20–4.88]
Sudden cardiac arrest	5 (3.6%)	2 (3.4%)	1.000	1.08 [0.20–5.73]
Early stent thrombosis	2 (1.5%)	2 (3.4%)	0.585	0.42 [0.06–3.07]
Acute heart failure^##	11 (8.0%)	3 (5.1%)	0.559	1.63 [0.44–6.07]
Stroke	5 (3.6%)	2 (3.4%)	1.000	1.08 [0.20–5.73]
				5 [2.70–12.3]
In-hospital death	4 (2.9%)	2 (3.4%)	1.000	0.86 [0.15–4.81]

Overall MACCEs¹	21 (15.3%)	3 (5.1%)	0.056	3.38 [0.97–11.8]
Myocardial infarction	2 (1.5%)	1 (1.7%)	1.000	0.86 [0.08–9.66]
Stroke	2 (1.5%)	0 (0.0%)	1.000	2.20 [0.10–46.4]
Recurrent revascularization	1 (0.7%)	1 (1.7%)	0.513	0.43 [0.03–6.94]
				[0.92–55.3]
¹ There was a trend for increased MACCEs in the frailty vs non-frailty groups, although it was not statistically significant. ^* Major bleeding according to the TIMI scale. ^** Sustained or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. ^# Cardiac conduction disturbances requiring cardiac pacing. ^## Killip-Kimball class III or IV.

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