07 July 2026 : Clinical Research
Presence and Impact of Fatigue in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Meheroz H. Rabadi
ADEF 1,2*, Kimberly A. Russell B 1, Chao Xu CD 3
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.953344
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e953344
Table 4 Primary outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients with fatigue by type of medication prescribed (mean, SD).
| Total (n = 59) | Amantadine (n = 10) | Modafinil (n = 43) | Amphetamine (n = 6) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial FSS | 50.0 [36.0, 56.3] | 53.0 [44.3, 58.3] | 49.5 [36.0, 56.3] | 52.0 [43.8, 55.8] | 0.892** |
| 12-month FSS | 48.0 [42.0, 50.0] | 33.0 [25.3, 45.0] | 49.0 [44.0, 50.0] | 44.0 [38.8, 49.5] | 0.359** |
| Change FSS | −2.64 (± 15.1) | −9.75 (± 15.1) | −0.150 (± 14.3) | −8.00 (± 20.0) | 0.397 |
| Initial MFIS | 48.6 (± 17.3) | 43.3 (± 19.8) | 49.9 (± 16.8) | 49.7 (± 17.4) | 0.569 |
| Initial MFIS, cognitive | 21.0 (± 9.04) | 16.0 (± 11.2) | 21.7 (± 8.57) | 24.0 (± 8.52) | 0.304 |
| Initial MFIS, physical | 23.5 (± 8.26) | 21.3 (± 10.7) | 23.8 (± 8.10) | 24.3 (± 7.14) | 0.795 |
| Initial MFIS, psychosocial | 4.00 [3.00, 6.00] | 3.50 [2.25, 4.75] | 4.00 [3.00, 6.00] | 5.50 [5.00, 6.25] | 0.253** |
| 12-month MFIS | 48.7 (± 17.3) | 40.8 (± 19.6) | 50.8 (± 18.4) | 46.3 (± 10.8) | 0.539 |
| 12-month MFIS, cognitive | 22.0 (± 9.42) | 16.0 (± 4.97) | 23.4 (± 9.90) | 20.8 (± 9.25) | 0.355 |
| 12-month MFIS, physical | 23.8 (± 7.44) | 21.3 (± 12.5) | 24.3 (± 6.55) | 23.5 (± 7.90) | 0.760 |
| 12-month MFIS, psychosocial | 4.62 (± 2.21) | 3.50 (± 3.42) | 4.71 (± 2.15) | 5.25 (± 0.957) | 0.516 |
| Change MFIS | 0.0313 (± 16.0) | −0.500 (± 36.5) | 1.05 (± 12.7) | −3.33 (± 9.37) | 0.844 |
| Change MFIS, cognitive | −1.81 (± 7.83) | −4.33 (± 13.3) | −1.27 (± 7.70) | −2.00 (± 3.00) | 0.839 |
| Change MFIS, physical | −2.05 (± 7.22) | −8.00 (± 14.1) | −1.00 (± 6.11) | −1.67 (± 2.52) | 0.318 |
| Change MFIS, psychosocial | −0.500 [−1.00, 0] | 0 [−2.50, 0] | −0.500 [−1.25, 1.00] | −1.00 [−1.00, −0.50] | 0.887** |
| Initial ESS | - | 9.00 [4.00, 12.5] | 11.0 [6.00, 17.3] | 14.5 [5.25, 20.0] | 0.441** |
| 12-month ESS | 8.50 [4.00, 16.0] | 3.50 [2.75, 7.75] | 8.50 [4.50, 15.8] | 13.0 [6.75, 16.3] | 0.434** |
| Change ESS | −1.53 (± 5.83) | −2.50 (± 5.45) | −1.64 (± 6.31) | −0.500 (± 4.85) | 0.866 |
| ** Kruskal-Wallis test due to non-normally distributed data, according to the Shapiro normality test. Abbreviations: ESS, Epworth Sleep Scale; FSS, Fatigue Severity Scale; MFIS, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale. | |||||