07 July 2026 : Clinical Research
Presence and Impact of Fatigue in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Meheroz H. Rabadi
ADEF 1,2*, Kimberly A. Russell B 1, Chao Xu CD 3
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.953344
Med Sci Monit 2026; 32:e953344
Table 5 Secondary outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients with fatigue by the type of medication prescribed (mean±SD or median [Q1, Q3]).
| Total (n = 59) | Amantadine (n = 10) | Modafinil (n = 43) | Amphetamine (n = 6) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial EQ-5D | 8.90 (± 2.24) | 8.00 (± 2.71) | 9.11 (± 2.14) | 8.67 (± 2.42) | 0.479 |
| 12-month EQ-5D | 8.76 (± 2.10) | 9.75 (± 2.06) | 8.95 (± 2.09) | 6.75 (± 0.957) | 0.090 |
| Change EQ-5D | 0 [−1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [−0.250, 2.00] | 0 [0, 0.250] | −2.00 [−3.75, −0.500] | 0.181** |
| Initial EQ-VAS | 70.0 [60.0, 90.0] | 78.0 [65.0, 90.0] | 70.0 [55.0, 85.0] | 80.0 [75.0, 90.0] | 0.283** |
| 12-month EQ-VAS | 70.0 (± 18.1) | 74.3 (± 19.2) | 68.4 (± 19.3) | 73.8 (± 12.5) | 0.773 |
| Change EQ-VAS | 0.407 (± 19.9) | 9.75 (± 32.8) | −1.15 (± 18.3) | −1.67 (± 12.6) | 0.614 |
| Initial TFIM | 121 [111, 125] | 121 [110, 125] | 121 [112, 125] | 112 [108, 124] | 0.678** |
| 12-month TFIM | 115 [103, 121] | 119 [104, 120] | 113 [103, 121] | 117 [104, 122] | 0.806** |
| Change TFIM | −3.00 [−12.0, 0] | −5.00 [−13.0, −1.00] | −4.00 [−12.0, −0.500] | 3.00 [2.00, 5.00] | 0.078** |
| Initial EDSS | 2.50 [1.00, 6.00] | 3.50 [1.63, 6.38] | 3.00 [1.00, 6.00] | 1.50 [1.00, 5.00] | 0.706** |
| 12-month EDSS | 6.00 [3.00, 6.50] | 6.50 [3.00, 6.50] | 6.00 [3.00, 6.50] | 4.50 [1.50, 6.38] | 0.688** |
| Change EDSS | 1.00 [0, 3.00] | 1.00 [0.500, 1.00] | 1.50 [0, 3.00] | 0.750 [0, 1.88] | 0.651** |
| Initial ambulation 2MWT in feet | 260 [162, 390] | 260 [163, 303] | 260 [150, 390] | 390 [260, 520] | 0.161** |
| 12-month ambulation 2MWT in feet | 328 [148, 450] | 321 [240, 420] | 320 [140, 450] | 440 [430, 480] | 0.356** |
| Change ambulation 2MWT in feet | 21.8 (± 125) | −9.67 (± 123) | 19.3 (± 131) | 70.0 (± 104) | 0.581 |
| ** Kruskal-Wallis test due to non-normally distributed data, according to the Shapiro normality test. Abbreviations: EQ-5D, EuroQol 5 Domain; VAS, visual analog scale; EDSS, Expanded Disability Scale Score; TFIM, Total Functional Independence Measure | |||||