Figure 2 Silenced Xist alleviated lung damage in newborn BPD mice. (A) There was a significantly different fold change in lncRNA expressions between the control group and the BPD group. (B) RT-qPCR showed that the Xist expression was clearly higher in BPD mice than in control mice, n=3. (C) RT-qPCR showed that Xist expression in BPD group was evidently lower than that in the control group with silenced Xist, n=3. (D) HE staining suggested that the lung tissue structure in BPD mice was improved when Xist expression was silenced, with the black arrows indicating alveolar fusion and the red ones indicating alveolar septum, ×400, n=5. (E) RAC in BPD mice increased with silenced Xist, n=5. (F) ELISA showed that SOD activity was increased while MDA level was decreased in BPD mice with silenced Xist, n=3. (G, H) RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis showed that VEGF mRNA and protein expression levels were reduced while mRNA and protein expression levels of collagen I and α-SMA were increased, n=3. Two-way ANOVA was applied to assess data in panels B, G, and H. Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was used for post hoc test. The t test was used for analyzing data in remaining panels. ** p<0.01, ## p<0.01. Xist – X inactive specific transcript; BPD – bronchopulmonary dysplasia; RT-qPCR – reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction; HE – hematoxylin-eosin; RAC – radial alveolar counts; SOD – superoxide dismutase; MDA – malondialdehyde; VEGF – vascular endothelial growth factor; α-SMA – alpha-smooth muscle Actin; ANOVA – analysis of variance.