Figure 2 (A, B) Causes of hospital-based violence against medical personnel: a) overtesting of the patient by the hospital; b) misdiagnosis and delays; c) poor outcomes or sequelae; d) medical identification; e) sexual harassment; f) the health care worker’s choice of technology, diagnosis, or guidance; g) hospital charges; h) medical staff’s bearing; i) objective factors (such as provision, insufficient medical resources); j) death of the patient; k) mental state; l) absence of a valid diathesis; m) psychological distortion; n) other reasons (injury-related irritation, blackmail, or asking private questions); o) unknown reasons; p) a+b+c+d+e+f=communication; q) g+h+i=service.