Figure 5 Galangin modulated cell death through the NLRP3 inflammasome but not the AKT pathway in human esophageal cancer cells after fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment. Total cell extracts were obtained and subjected to western blot analysis, which included anti-AKT, phospho-AKT, NLRP3, IL-1β, cleaved PARP (PARP1), and β-actin. The Eca109 and OE19 cells were also treated with DMSO (control), 5-FU, 5-FU+galangin, and 5-FU+galangin+nigericin solution. AKT – protein kinase B; DMSO – dimethyl sulfoxide; IL-1β – interleukin 1β; NLRP3 – NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; PARP – poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase.