Figure 4 Effect of methylene blue (MB) on kainic acid (KA)-induced epileptiform activity in vivo. (A) Representative tracings showing KA-induced epileptiform activity for the full recording period in vivo in mice pretreated with vehicle, 0.5 mg/kg of MB, and 1 mg/kg of MB, respectively. Electroencephalogram tracings are labeled to indicate drug administration times (vehicle, MB, and KA) accordingly. Histograms showing the latency (minutes) (B), average epileptiform duration (minutes) (C), and epileptiform activity (percentage) (D) of epileptiform activity in KA-treated mice in different group. Values are expressed as means±standard error of the mean. (n=11 vehicle+KA group, n=12 MB 0.5 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg+KA group). # P<0.05 vs vehicle+KA group; & P<0.05 vs MB 0.5 mg/kg+KA group. (Prism 8, version 8.3.0).