Figure 1 Experimental design. The SE model was established in adult Sprague-Dawley rats with lithium and pilocarpine (LiCl-Pilo i.p.). A few minutes later, status epilepticus began. Then, we treated each group (1–4, n=8) with diazepam (intraperitoneal injection) monotherapy at 4 different time points – 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min – then assessed the degree of behavioral seizure and hippocampal field potential changes over time. Second, we treated each group (I–IV, n=8) with diazepam-ketamine dual therapy at 6 different time points – 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, 50 min, 60 mi n– then assessed the degree of behavioral seizure and hippocampal field potential changes over time. At each time point in the control group, 5 SE rats were treated with a 0.5 ml placebo, the same volume as diazepam. Survival rates of animals were monitored for up to 7 days after SE to analyze the short-term consequences of mono- and dual therapy in SE.