Figure 4 Representative EEG recordings from hippocampal electrodes (Omniplex Neural Data Acquisition System, Plexon, Inc.) in control, 30 min, and 60 min SE with diazepam-ketamine dual therapy. SE was induced via injection of lithium chloride (5 mEq/kg, i.p.) and pilocarpine hydrochloride (40 mg/kg, i.p.) 16 h later. The rats in each time point group were treated with the same volume of placebo (control, n=5) or 10 mg/kg diazepam combined with 45 mg/kg ketamine (n=8) at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 60 min SE. As illustrated in the post-treatment traces, dual therapy at 10 min to 30 min SE initially eliminated the epileptiform discharges. Behavioral seizure activity was also terminated. The SE EEG pattern exhibited no changes when dual therapy was administered after 50 min or 60 min SE. Five animals in the 40-min group were controlled well with dual therapy. but the other 3 animals exhibited apparent seizure discharges in EEG despite the disappearance of faint myoclonia during narcosis. Each trace represents a 20-s period: scale bar (upper left), 800 μV.