03 June 2023>: Review Articles
A Review of the Roles of Specialized Extracellular Vesicles, Migrasomes, and Exosomes in Normal Cell Physiology and Disease
Tingting Zheng ABEFG , Shan Xu CDE , Jinyuan Xu CDE*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.940118
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940118
Figure 1 The biogenesis of migrasomes and exosomes. (A) The biogenesis of exosomes. The endocytosed components can be delivered to the endocytic pathway and form endocytic vesicles, and then can be transferred into early endosome (EE) (a), early endosomal membranes can form intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) which package the cargo and deliver to late endosomes (LE) (b) and lysosomes (c). ILVs in multivesicular(MVB) endosomes can be released extracellularly as exosomes (d), which package various cellular contents such as proteins and RNAs. Software (name: PowerPoint; version: 15.31 (170216); manufacturer: Microsoft) was used for creation of the figure. (B) The biogenesis of migrasomes. When a cell moves, retraction fibers are formed at the edge of the migrating cell. Migrasomes form at the tips of, or at the intersections between, these retraction fibers. The migrasomes contain numerous smaller vesicles, and package cytosol, including proteins and RNAs. Software (name: PowerPoint; version: 15.31 (170216); manufacturer: Microsoft) was used for creation of the figure.