Differential Inflammatory Responses in Adult and Pediatric COVID-19 Patients: Implications for Long-Term Consequences and Anti-Inflammatory Treatment

Kacper Toczyłowski; Dawid Lewandowski; Diana Martonik; Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska; Ewelina Kruszewska; Anna Parfieniuk-Kowerda; Robert Flisiak; Artur Sulik

doi:10.12659/MSM.944052

31 May 2024 : Clinical Research

Differential Inflammatory Responses in Adult and Pediatric COVID-19 Patients: Implications for Long-Term Consequences and Anti-Inflammatory Treatment

Kacper Toczyłowski

^1ACDEFG*, Dawid Lewandowski^1AB, Diana Martonik

^2BE, Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska

^3ABE, Ewelina Kruszewska

^3BE, Anna Parfieniuk-Kowerda

^2BE, Robert Flisiak

^2BE, Artur Sulik

^1ABDE

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.944052

Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944052

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Figure 1 Violin plots illustrating the concentration of serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in 3 study groups: (1) adults with COVID-19, (2) children with COVID-19, and (3) healthy control participants. Each panel represents 1 protein, and the violin plots depict the distribution of data within each group. Brackets and corresponding P values indicate significant differences between study groups. Thick horizontal lines drawn inside the plots represent median values.

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Differential Inflammatory Responses in Adult and Pediatric COVID-19 Patients: Implications for Long-Term Consequences and Anti-Inflammatory Treatment

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