31 May 2024>: Clinical Research
Differential Inflammatory Responses in Adult and Pediatric COVID-19 Patients: Implications for Long-Term Consequences and Anti-Inflammatory Treatment
Kacper Toczyłowski 1ACDEFG* , Dawid Lewandowski 1AB , Diana Martonik 2BE , Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska 3ABE , Ewelina Kruszewska 3BE , Anna Parfieniuk-Kowerda 2BE , Robert Flisiak 2BE , Artur Sulik 1ABDEDOI: 10.12659/MSM.944052
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944052
![](https://jours.isi-science.com/imageXml.php?i=medscimonit-30-e944052-g003.jpg&idArt=944052&w=1000')
Figure 3 Heatmap of log10 Fold-Change (Log10FC) in serum protein concentrations comparing T2 to T1 in adult COVID-19 patients, divided by the treatment used. The Log10FC shows the change in serum protein concentrations between the 2 time points, T2 (after symptom resolution and before discharge) and T1 (upon admission), for all 22 recruited adult COVID-19 patients. The proteins analyzed include matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN). Each row represents an individual patient, while each column corresponds to a specific protein. The color-coding scheme is designed such that an increase in protein concentration is represented in red, while a decrease is depicted in blue. The legend below the heatmap provides a reference for the Log10FC scale. CP – convalescent plasma; GCS – glucocorticoids; TOC – tocilizumab