Cluster Analysis of the Associations among Physical Frailty, Cognitive Impairment and Mental Disorders

15 September 2020: Clinical Research

Ljiljana Trtica Majnarić ^12ACDEF , Sanja Bekić ^34ABDEF* , František Babič ^5CDEG , Ľudmila Pusztová ^5CDE , Ján Paralič ^5CDEG

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.924281

Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924281

Table 4 Associations of the respective domains of the GAS, GDS and MMSE tests with subject membership in clusters.

Independent variable	Cluster	Average	SD	p-Value	Post-hoc analysis
GDS – dysphoria	HF	1.06	1.53	0.000	HF
	CI	1.60	1.85
	CF	2.66	2.35
	PhyF	2.66	2.02
	All	1.42	1.80
GDS – lack of positive mood	HF	0.40	0.91	–	–
	CI	0.46	1.04
	CF	0.66	1.23
	PhyF	1.00	1.49
	All	0.47	1.02
GAS – anxiety	HF	3.57	3.66	0.000	HF
	CI	4.80	3.99
	CF	9.52	8.50
	PhyF	10.38	6.74
	All	4.81	5.03
MMSE 1 orientation in time^*	HF	4.73	0.54	0.000	HF>CI. CF; CI>CF
	CI	4.36	0.92
	CF	3.47	1.03
	PhyF	4.22	0.87
	All	4.50	0.80
MMSE 2 repetition^*	HF	1.99	0.07	–	–
	CI	1.96	0.25
	CF	1.95	0.21
	PhyF	2.00	0.01
	All	1.98	0.15
MMSE 3 attention^*	HF	4.73	0.71	0.000	HF. PhyF>CI. CF
	CI	1.63	1.39
	CF	0.57	0.81
	PhyF	4.33	1.23
	All	3.63	1.84
MMSE 4 delayed memory^*	HF	0.90	0.79	0.000	HF>CI. CF. PhyF
	CI	0.25	0.53
	CF	0.33	0.73
	PhyF	0.22	0.42
	All	00.65	0.77
MMSE 5 comprehension^*	HF	3.00	0.01	–	–
	CI	2.93	0.39
	CF	2.80	0.51
	PhyF	2.88	0.47
	All	2.96	0.27
HF – highly functional; CI – cognitive impairment; CF – cognitive frailty; PhyF – physical frailty. ^* Differences in mean values shown only for tasks (questions) on the MMSE, for which any differences were observed among the clusters. For two memory-related functions: “repetition” and “delayed memory”, maximum point scores were 2 and 1, respectively; the maximum point scores were 5 each; for two non-memory-related functions: “orientation in time” and “attention”, the maximum point scores were 5 each.