03 January 2021 : Clinical Research
Influenza-Associated Encephalopathy and Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy in Children: A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Yongling Song1ACE, Suyun Li1B, Weiqiang Xiao2BD, Jun Shen3D, Wencheng Ma1D, Qiang Wang1F, Haomei Yang1F, Guangming Liu1F, Yan Hong3F, Peiqing Li1AG*, Sida Yang4AGDOI: 10.12659/MSM.928374
Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928374
Table 1 Demographic and clinical features of influenza with neurological complications.
| Variable | All (n=63) | IAE (n=33) | ANE (n=30) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, Male, n (%) | 27 (42.9) | 13 (39.4) | 14 (46.7) | 0.6164 |
| ≤5 years, n (%) | 42 (66.7) | 20 (60.6) | 22 (73.3) | 0.4226 |
| Fever >39°C, n (%) | 40 (63.5) | 16 (48.5) | 24 (80.0) | 0.0175 |
| Length of fever (days) | 3 (1–22) | 4 (1–22) | 3 (1–17) | 0.2035 |
| Respiratory symptoms, n (%) | 20 (31.7) | 12 (36.4) | 8 (26.7) | 0.4324 |
| Convulsions | 21 (33.3) | 10 (30.3) | 11 (36.7) | 0.6057 |
| ≥3 times, n (%) | 21 (33.3) | 10 (30.3) | 11 (36.7) | 0.6057 |
| <3 times, n (%) | 42 (66.7) | 20 (60.6) | 22 (73.3) | 0.4226 |
| Headache, n (%) | 12 (19.0) | 9 (27.3) | 3 (10.0) | 0.112 |
| Vomiting, n (%) | 21 (33.3) | 8 (24.2) | 13 (43.3) | 0.12 |
| Fatigue, n (%) | 19 (30.2) | 12 (36.4) | 7 (23.3) | 0.2866 |
| Acute disturbance of consciousness, n (%) | 34 (53.9) | 6 (18.2) | 28 (93.3) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiac arrest, n (%) | 6 (9.5) | 0 | 6 (20.0) | 0.0087 |
| WBC (×10/L) (ref: 5–12) | 6.9 (2.4–17) | 5.65 (2.40–13.90) | 7.5 (2.50–17) | 0.1753 |
| Lymphocytes (×10/L) (ref: 1.1–3.2) | 1.78 (0.3–8.37) | 2.01 (0.30–8.37) | 1.44 (0.39–7.93) | 0.1100 |
| Platelet (×10/L) (ref: 125–350) | 243 (74–646) | 272 (74–631) | 223 (155–646) | 0.2775 |
| ALT (U/L) (ref: 7–40) | 20 (5–607) | 17 (5–416) | 26 (9–607) | 0.0114 |
| AST (U/L) (ref: 13–35) | 41 (17–760) | 40 (17–182) | 50 (19–760) | 0.0489 |
| CK (U/L) (ref: 26–192) | 147 (34–16549) | 105 (34–16549) | 170 (44–7669) | 0.032 |
| LDH (U/L) (ref: 135–214) | 286 (163–1933) | 280 (170–570) | 322.5 (163–1993) | 0.4214 |
| CRP (mg/L) (ref: 0–3) | 8.8 (1.6–29.2) | 7.8 (1.60–16.30) | 10.2 (3.20–29.20) | 0.0774 |
| PCT (ng/ml) (ref: <0.1) | 3.6 (0.5–13.8) | 3.2 (0.60–4) | 6.8 (0.50–13.80) | <0.0001 |
| CSF protein (g/l) (ref: 0.15–0.45) | 0.44 (012–34.50) | 0.31 (0.12–1.95) | 0.68 (0.21–34.5) | 0.001 |
| CSF WBC (×106/L) (ref: 0–10) | 6 (0–350) | 10 (0–350) | 5 (1–60) | 0.0173 |
| FA, n (%) | 42 (66.7) | 25 (75.8) | 16 (53.3) | 0.0714 |
| FB, n (%) | 21 (33.3) | 8 (24.2) | 14 (46.7) | |
| Gamma globulin, n (%) | 63 (100.0) | 33 (100.0) | 30 (100.0) | 1 |
| Hormones, n (%) | 63 (100.0) | 33 (100.0) | 30 (100.0) | 1 |
| Oseltamivir, n (%) | 63 (100.0) | 33 (100.0) | 30 (100.0) | 1 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 21 (33.3) | 4 (11.8) | 17 (56.7) | 0.0004 |
| Plasma exchange, n (%) | 3 (4.8) | 0 | 3 (10.0) | 0.1022 |
| ALT – alanine aminotransferase; AST – aspartate aminotransferase; CK – creatine kinase; LDH – lactate dehydrogenase; CRP – C-reactive protein; PCT – procalcitonin; CSFD – cerebrospinal fluid; WBC – white blood cells; FA – influenza A; FB – influenza B. | ||||