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13 February 2021: Clinical Research

Factors Affecting the Risk of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Pregnant Women in Tibet Health Facilities

Zhuo-Ma Pubu BCE , Zhuo-Ma Bianba CF , Ge Yang DF , La-Mu CyRen DF , De-Ji Pubu DF , Ka-Zhu Suo Lang F , Bian Zhen CF , Qu-Zong Zhaxi F , Zhuo-Ga Nyma AE*

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.928568

Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928568

Table 1 Univariate analysis of influencing indicators of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in Tibet.

VariablesPPH group (n=4701)Non-PPH group (n=95)Statistical magnitudeP
Maternal age, n (%)χ=21.155
4264 (90.70)73 (76.84)
 ≥35437 (9.30)22 (23.16)
Place of residence, n (%)χ=0.8730.454
 Rural area2490 (52.97)41 (43.16)
 Urban area2211 (47.03)54 (56.84)
Education, n (%)χ=9.7550.053
 Junior high school or below2398 (51.01)58 (61.05)
 High school or above2303 (48.99)37 (38.95)
History of pregnancy
Full-term birth, n (%)0.003
 01955 (41.59)28 (29.47)
 1–32584 (54.97)58 (61.05)
 ≥4162 (3.45)9 (9.47)
Preterm birth, n (%)χ=20.1050.001
 No4064 (86.45)71 (74.74)
 Yes637 (13.55)24 (25.26)
Abortion, n (%)χ=11.5750.022
 No3550 (75.52)62 (65.26)
 Yes1151 (24.48)33 (34.74)
Gestational age, n (%)0.568
72 (1.53)2 (2.11)
 37–402120 (45.10)46 (48.42)
 >402509 (53.37)47 (49.47)
Condition of perineum, n (%)χ=56.724
 Full1169 (24.87)11 (11.58)
 Incision2280 (48.50)29 (30.53)
 Laceration355 (7.55)8 (8.42)
 Unclear897 (19.08)47 (49.47)
Delivery mode, n (%)χ=89.790
 Vaginal birth4123 (87.70)52 (54.74)
 Cesarean section578 (12.30)43 (45.26)
Number of fetuses, n (%)0.059
 Single birth4683 (99.62)93 (97.89)
 Multiple births18 (0.38)2 (2.11)
Neonatal weight, n (%)
 ≤44628 (98.45)87 (91.58)
 >473 (1.55)8 (8.42)
Neonatal head circumference, n (%)χ=0.7700.380
1892 (40.25)34 (35.79)
 ≥34.02809 (59.75)61 (64.21)
Placental weight, n (%)χ=6.1300.013
2335 (49.67)35 (36.84)
 ≥6002366 (50.33)60 (63.16)
Neonatal asphyxia, n (%)0.003
 No4632 (98.53)89 (93.68)
 Yes69 (1.47)6 (6.32)
Number of prenatal examinations, n (%)χ=1.1920.275
1390 (29.57)33 (34.74)
 ≥53311 (70.43)62 (65.26)
Prenatal complications
ICP, n (%)0.448
 No4605 (97.96)92 (96.84)
 Yes96 (2.04)3 (3.16)
Anemia, n (%)χ=0.5190.471
 No3981 (84.68)83 (87.37)
 Yes720 (15.32)12 (12.63)
Hypertension, n (%)0.299
 No4586 (97.55)91 (95.79)
 Yes115 (2.45)4 (4.21)
Eclampsia, n (%)χ=0.6080.436
 No4298 (91.43)89 (93.68)
 Yes403 (8.57)6 (6.32)
Thrombocytopenia, n (%)1.000
 No4674 (99.43)95 (100.0)
 Yes27 (0.57)0 (0.00)
HBV, n (%)0.117
 No4508 (95.89)88 (92.63)
 Yes193 (4.11)7 (7.37)
Other inflammation, n (%)χ=5.8160.016
 No4143 (88.13)117 (84.78)
 Yes558 (11.87)21 (15.22)
Laboratory inspection indexes
 Hb, (mean±SD)122.59±17.09122.11±19.03t=0.280.783
 RBC, (mean±SD)3.80±0.583.74±0.59t=1.010.315
 HCT, (mean±SD)38.53±9.2137.71±5.30t=1.470.144
 PLT, (mean±SD)185.76±60.05175.34±66.65t=1.670.095
Bacterial vaginosis, n (%)χ=0.770.381
 Negative422 (8.98)11 (11.58)
 Positive4279 (91.02)84 (88.42)
Amniotic fluid condition, n (%)χ=6.7130.010
 Clear4345 (92.43)81 (85.26)
 Polluted356 (7.57)14 (14.74)
Prenatal LOS, (mean±SD)7.38±4.489.32±4.76t=−4.16
PPH – postpartum hemorrhage; ICP – intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy; HBV – hepatitis B virus; Hb – hemoglobin; RBC – red blood cell; HCT – hematocrit; PLT – platelets; LOS – length of stay.

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Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750
Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750