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13 December 2020: Review Articles

Does Virus-Receptor Interplay Influence Human Coronaviruses Infection Outcome?

Jolanta Bratosiewicz-Wąsik 1ABEF* , Tomasz J. Wąsik 2ABEFG

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.928572

Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e928572

Table 1 Table. Structural and nonstructural proteins of coronaviruses and their functions.

ProteinFunction
SSpike protein on the viral surface responsible for attachment to host receptors
EEnvelope protein crucial for virus assembly and release
MMembrane protein facilitates viral assembly by interacting with other viral proteins and with the RNA packaging signal
NNucleoprotein ensuring selective genome protection and incorporation into the virions; N protein binds to nsp3 to perform the replication-transcription complex assembling
nsp1Inhibition of IFN-1 induction and signaling; translation inhibition via binding to the 40S ribosome of the host cell; induction of host mRNA cleavage and decay
nsp2Binds to prohibitin 1 and 2 proteins disrupting the host cell environment
nsp3Papain-like proteinase; releases of nsp1, nsp2 and nsp3 from the polyproteins
nsp4Interacts with nsp3; plays a role in membrane rearrangement
nsp5Cleaves viral polyprotein
nsp6Generate autophagosomes from the endoplasmic reticulum; prevents autophagosomes from delivering viral components for degradation in lysosomes
nsp7Forms a complex with nsp8 as a cofactor for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase nsp12
nsp8Forms a complex with nsp7 as a cofactor for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase nsp12
nsp9ssRNA-binding protein; interacts with the DEAD-box RNA helicase 5
nsp10Stimulates activity of nsp14 and nsp16
nsp11Function unknown
nsp12RNA-dependent RNA polymerase performing both replication and transcription
nsp13Helicase unwinds dsRNA; 5′-triphosphatase introduces the 5′-terminal cap of the viral mRNA
nsp143′-5′exoribonuclease ensures proof reading during RNA replication; N7-guanine methyltransferase introduces the 5′-terminal cap of the viral mRNA
nsp15Endoribonuclease cleaves RNA at uridylates at the 3′-position to form a 2′-3′ cyclic phosphodiester product; degrades viral dsRNA to prevent host recognition
nsp162′-O-ribose-methylotransferase methylates the 2′-hydroxyl group of adenine during viral mRNA capping

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Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750
Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750